Cam 13 test 3

Palm= a tree growing in warm regions

and having a tall, straight trunk, no

branches, and a mass of long, pointed

leaves at the top

People= a society

Exotic= unusual, different, nonnative

# native, familiar

Merchant= dealer, tradesman

Apparently= actually, evidently,

obviously.

Palm-fringed= with palm trees along the

edge

Cliché= an idea or phrase that has been

used so much that it is not effective or

does not have any meaning any longer

Envisage= imagine, expect, think of

Flesh= the soft part of a fruit or vegetable

that can be eaten

Slender= thin, small

Trunk= a thick main stem of a tree, from

which the branches grow

Timber= a long piece of wood used for

building

Endangered= rare, scarce, threatened, in

danger of extinction

Hardwood= the strong, heavy wood of

particular trees such as oak, used esp. to

make furniture

Surmount= to be placed on top of

something

Rosette = a thing that has the shape of

a rose

Vein= one of the thin lines on a leaf

Strip away= to remove a layer from

somthing

Immature= young # mature

Cluster together/around= form a small

group

Stem= the main long thin part of a plant

above the ground from which the leaves or

flowers grow

Be tapped for= be extracted for

Sap= the liquid in a plant or tree that

carries food to all its parts

Reduce= decrease, cut, lessen # increase

Fibre= threads when they are in mass

that can be used for making products

such as cloth and rope.

Rope= very strong thick string made by

twisting thinner strings

Innermost= nearest to the centre or

inside of smt

Prominent= noticeable, obvious,

important

Charcoal=a hard, black substance

similar to coal that can be used as fuel

Nutrient= a substance that is needed to

keep a living thing alive and to help it to

grow

Yield= the amount of profits, crops etc that

something produces

Solidify= to become solid

Brilliant= bright, vivid

Edible= fit or suitable to be eaten

Meat= the edible white flesh of coconut,

often shredded for use in cake or curries.

Cosmetics= substances put on the face or

body to improve its quality

Derivative= smt made from smt else

Acquire= obtain, gain, get, attain

Sphere= field, area of study, domain

Dynamite=a powerful explosive

Maritime= marine = relating to the sea

Voyager= someone who has journeys

on the sea

Colonizer= settler, inhabitant

Float in water= to stay on the surface of

water and not sink

Tolerate= bear, endure, put up with

Viable= capable of developing and

surviving independently

Indefinitely= for an unlimited period

Germinate= to start growing

Expose smt to smt= to show something

that is usually covered or hidden

Glare= unpleasantly bright or strong

light

Embryo= a young plant in the very early

stages of development before coming out

of its seed

Fibrous= made of fibres, or like fibre

Voyage= a long journey on the sea.

Moisture= humidity, damp, wetness #

dryness

Reveal= tell, divulge, disclose # conceal

Diametrically= completely different

Propose= suggest, offer, submit,

recommend

Degree= the amount or level of smt

Diversity= variety, range, multiplicity

Relative= trees that belong to the same

group.

Indigenous= native, original, local #

foreign, exotic

Intriguing= fascinating, interesting,

exciting

Originate= to appear for the first time in

a particular place

Disperse= to spread or to make

something spread over a wide area

Baby talk= the special language adults

sometimes use when talking to babies

Boost= improvement, enhancement

High-pitched= (of sounds) higher than usual

Exaggerated= being described as better,

larger etc than it really is

Repetitious= involving something that is

often repeated, in a way that becomes boring

Fascination= a very strong attraction, that

makes something very interesting

Linguists= a person who studies languages

or linguistics

Womb= the organ in women and female

animals in which babies develop before they

are born

Prompt= make, cause, motivate

Pregnant= (of women) having an

unborn baby growing inside her body

Infant= a baby or very young child

Native tongue= first language

Exposure= the fact of experiencing

something or being affected by it

Bilingual= able to use two languages equally

well

Prioritize= to put tasks, problems, etc. in

order of importance, so that you can deal

with the most important first

Absurd= completely ridiculous; not logical

and sensible

Infant- directed speech= a powerful tool

that parents instinctively use to aid language

development in their infant's first months and

years of life.

Equipped sb with smt= to provide sb

with st

Interact with smb= communicate

Pitch= how high or low a sound is

Fundamental= basic, essential

Frequency= the rate at which something

occurs or is repeated over a particular

period of time

Be rooted in something= to have

developed from something and be

strongly influenced by it

Bridge= a thing that provides a

connection between two different things

Hypothesis= theory, assumption

Date back (to)= to have existed since a

particular time in the past

Familial= related to or typical of a family

Speech= spoken language

Repertoire of smt= the total number of

things that someone knows and is able to

do= range, list, collection.

Fit sb with= put somebody in

Audio-recording vest= a kind of sound

recording tool which covers the upper part of

the body.

Capture= record

Babble= (of a baby) to make sounds in a

way that is difficult to understand before

beginning to say actual words

Socioeconomic status= the social

standing or class of an individual or

group. It is often measured as a

combination of education, income and

occupation.

Matter= be important

One-on-one= between two people only

Pair smb up= to work together to do

something

Universal= popular, common,

widespread

Play= to (cause a machine to) produce a

sound

Synthesize= to produce sound

electronically

Mimic -mimicked= copy, imitate

Auditory= connected with hearing

Cue= signal, sign, clue, indication

Measure= evaluate, calculate, assess

Hold sb’s attention=make someone

stay interested and keep reading,

listening, watching etc

Induce= cause, create, generate

Approximate= to be similar to but not

exactly the same as something

Theorize= speculate, hypothesize

Launch= start, begin, open, initiate

Property= a quality or characteristic that

something has

Draw/Catch sb’s attention= to make

people notice and be concerned or think

about something

Speculate= guess, consider, think,

anticipate

Recognize= know, realize, identify

Syllable= a word or part of a word

which contains a single vowel sound

Activation= the act of making something

start or making it start working

Motor= relating to muscles that produce

movement, or the nerves and parts of the

brain that control these muscles.

Significant= important, essential,

meaningful # insignificant.

Engage in= involve in, participate in

Figure out (how/why/what)= to

understand or solve something

Regardless of= without being affected

or influenced by something

Uncover= discover, find out

# hide, conceal, cover up

Civilisation= human society with its well

developed social organizations, or the culture

and way of life of a society or country at a

particular period in time

Shed light on= to explain a situation

Disappearance= loss, vanishing

Flourish=grow, thrive, prosper

Abandon= leave

Sophisticated= developed to a high degree

of complexity

Megacity= a very large city, usually one with

a population of over 10 million people

Luxury= very great comfort and pleasure,

such as you get from expensive food,

beautiful houses, cars etc

Depiction= picture, portrait, image, painting,

illustration

self-imagery= the use of words or picture to

describe about his or her personality or

achievements,...

Representation= picture, painting, drawing,

picture, illustration

Mystery= something that is difficult to

understand or to explain

Archaeological= related to the study of

ancient societies by examining what remains

of their buildings, tools etc

Alleyway= a narrow street between

or behind buildings

Well= a deep hole in the ground from which

people take water

Drainage= the system of water or waste

liquids flowing away from somewhere into the

ground or down pipes

Thriving= flourishing, prosperous, growing,

developing, successful

Transformation= change, alteration

Ritual= a set of actions or words performed in a

regular way, often as part of a religious

ceremony

Fall/Go/Be out of use= a machine, place etc

that goes out of use or is out of use is not being

used

Demise= the end of something that was

previously considered to be powerful

Glacier= a large mass of ice that moves

slowly

Course= flow, direction

Cope with= deal with, face

Exhaust= run out, use up, deplete

Succumb to smt= give in = to stop

opposing someone or something that is

stronger than you, and allow them to take

control

Invasion= an occasion when an army or

country uses force to enter and take

control of another country

Provision= the act of providing smt

Solid= strong, certain, firm, concrete

Speculation= assumption, theory

Investigation= study, inspection

Be supposed to be= be expected to be

Inhabit= live in, settle in, dwell in, reside in

In relation to= in connection with something

Inaccuracy= a situation in which a fact or

measurement is not completely correct or

exact

Settlement= a group of houses and

buildings where people live, especially in a

place where few people have lived before

Flaw= faulty, imperfect, shoddy # flawless,

perfect.

Fieldwork= the testing of scientific theories

in real situations

Astonishing= amazing, surprising, shocking

Definitive= conclusive, final, ultimate

Plain= a large area of flat land

Shell= the hard outer covering of

something, especially nuts, eggs, and

some animals

Sediment= the solid material that settles

at the bottom of a liquid

A means of Ving= a way of doing smt

Trace= find, discover

Monsoon= rainy season.

Abrupt=sudden, unexpected # gradual

Evaporation= the process of a liquid

changing or being changed into a gas

Exceed= to be greater than a particular

number or amount

Indicative= a sign that something exists,

is true, or is likely to happen

Drought= a long period when there is

little or no rain

Estimate= calculate, approximate,

guess, evaluate

Variable= likely to change often # fixed

Obtain= get, acquire, earn, achieve

Grain= a seed or seeds from a plant,

especially a plant like a grass such as rice

or wheat

Cultivate=to prepare land and grow crops

on it, or to grow a particular crop

Work out= to find the answer to something

Extreme= severse, intense, excessive,

harsh

Stress= force

Adjust=modify, adapt

Pottery= objects that are made out of clay

by hand

Distinctive= easy to recognize because it

is different from other things

Specific= exact, precise, detailed, explicit

# vague

Insight (into something)= an

understanding of what something is like

Interactive= involving communication

Unique= sole, exclusive # common

Investigate= examine, explore, study,

research

Respond to smt= react = to do something

as a reaction to something that has been

said or done

Threat= danger, risk

Administrative= relating to the

arrangements and work that is needed to

control the operation of a plan or

organization

Body= group of people who joined

together for a particular reason

Proactive= taking action by causing

change and not only reacting to change

when it happens # passive

Preserve= protect, conserve, save,

sustain, maintain, keep # destroy

Heritage= the history, traditions and

qualities that a country or society has had

for many years and that are considered an

important part of its character