6.mm

Mind Map: The Sign of ΔG and Equilibrium

• Sign of ΔG

  • Positive ΔG

    • Reactants are favored at equilibrium.

    • Equilibrium constant K<1.

    • The logarithm of K is negative.

  • Negative ΔG:

    • Products are favored at equilibrium.

    • Equilibrium constant K>1.

    • The logarithm of K is positive.

  • ΔG=0

    • Equilibrium constant K=1.

    • Equal amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium.

• What ΔG Tells Us

  • Negative ΔG:

    • Products are favored at equilibrium.

  • Positive ΔG:

    • Reactants are favored at equilibrium.

  • Zero ΔG:

    • Equilibrium is at a 1:1 ratio of reactants and products.

• What ΔG Does Not Tell Us

  • Does not indicate how fast equilibrium is reached.

  • The reaction could take a long time to reach equilibrium (even hundreds of years).

• Reaction Coordinate

  • An arbitrary scale used to represent the progress of a molecule turning from reactant to product.

  • Used in energy diagrams.

• Equilibrium Constant K

  • K>1:

    • Indicates that products are favored, and ΔG is negative.

  • K<1:

    • Indicates that reactants are favored, and ΔG is positive.

  • K=1:

    • Indicates an equal amount of reactants and products, and ΔG=0.

• Water Concentration in Equilibrium

  • In reactions like aldehyde hydration, the concentration of water is considered constant (55.5 mol dm⁻³).

  • Water is not included in the equilibrium constant expression.