renaissance
renaissance
largely affected the upper class
^^venice// trade^^
- crusades starting in the high middle ages
- revival of trade
- origins of banking
- florence as a commercial hub
- venice is one of the most powerful trade points
- venice was in a lagoon
- banks run by families who become very wealthy
^^florence// renaissance art^^
- patronage: the church/rich family that wants pretty things so they will pay someone to make art
- florence - quattrocento
- medicis + donatello
- sforzas + leonardo
- rome - cinquecento
- high renaissance - pope alexander vi
new techniques - painting
- renaissance
- geometric perspective
- chiaroscuro - light and dark
- faces - individualized
- sfumato - developed by davinci; the blurring of lines, not a harsh outline, “smoky” look
new techniques - sculpture
- renaissance
- in the round
- contrapposto: a stance where you stick a hip up
- leads to an understanding of human anatomy
- greece and rome; nudity with sculptures - “glorify nakes body”
- medieval
- relief sculptures
- no real understanding of human anatomy
- no nudity
new techniques - architecture
- gothic architecture (medieval)
- everything goes up
- ceilings, buildings upwards!
- makes you feel small and insignificant
renaissance architecture
- influenced by the greeks and romans
- simplicity
- more regarding balance
northern renaissance
- flemish style
- influenced by the italian renaissance
^^italian v n. renaissance:^^
| italian renaissance art | northern renaissance art | |
|---|---|---|
| specialty | ideal beauty | intense realism |
| style | simplified forms, measures proportions | lifelike features, unflattering honesty |
| subjects | religious and mythological scenes | religious and domestic scenes |
| figures | heroic male nudes | prosperous citizens, peasants |
| portraits | formal, reserved | reveal individual personality |
| technique | fresco, tempera, and oil paintings | oil paintings on wood panels |
| emphasis | underlying anatomical structure | visible appearance |
| basis on art | theory | observation |
| composition | static, balanced | complex, irregular |
^^rome - (values)^^
- humanism
- idea of faith in humans, belief in the potential of humans
- father of humanism - francesco petrarch
- characteristics!
- antiquity; looking back on greek and rome
- individualism; humans are worthy unlike the middle ages. celebrated human body and encouraged individuality
- secularism; still religious but wanted to go outside the church, s in explore other things but still be involved
- learning; particularly liberal arts
- virtu; well rounded, the renaissance man - the expectation
- reform; improving the state (italy) and reforming the church (northern renaissance)
- civic humanism
- learning humanism then focusing on making your state/place the best
- christian humanism
- studied hebrew and greek to better understand their religion
^^pisa - (machiavelli)^^
*civic humanism*
machiavelli wrote the prince, which advised leaders on how to rule
renaissance research
- major powers
- venice
- florence
- naples
- milan
- papal states (papal = pope)
- new monarchs (france, england, spain)
- administer justice
- help to unify
- grow the military
- determine religion
- monopoly on taxes
they [major powers] were constantly fighting, if anyone got too powerful then the others would gang up on them to make sure they don’t take over