Egypt

• Thought they were the most important civilization

Geography

• Nile River: flows backwards

  • That means lower Egypt in Northern Africa

  • Upper Egypt is in Southern Africa

Timeline

• Old Kingdom

Old Kingdom

• Pyramid times

• Pyramids!!!!

  • Giza. Biggest. Has 2.5 million stones. HUGE

    • This means they were powerful

  • The Great Pyramids

    • Built as tombs

• Agriculture

  • 3x more crops than any other place

    • set calendars by flooding of the Nile

• Leaders

  • Scribes: only people who knew how to read and write hieroglyphics

  • Kings

• Economy

  • Redistributive

• Ma’at

  • Belief of balance and order

Intermediate Period:

• Religion

  • Focused more on afterlife

  • Heart is what went to afterlife

Middle Kingdoms

• Still kings

• focus less on being divine, more humanity

• Expanded

• MOST IMPORTANT: Hieroglyphics

  • Papyrus: paper they would write on

  • have lots of their writings

2nd intermediate period

• Transition from stone to bronze age

• Warfare and technology improves

New Kingdom

• Most powerful

• Most expanded

• Pharaoh   

  • Means great horse

  • held power through favors, not bullying

• Military   

  • Developed the composite bow

    • Made out of animal bones

  • Army

    • Forced people to do it

    • Mercinaries: people paid to fight for Egypt

• Alliances

  • Puppet government

  • Thebes

  • Memphis

  • Viziers managed the agriculure

• Building projects

  • Abu Simbel

• Notable leaders:

  • Hatshepsut: female pharaoh. son too young, so she served.

    • Prosparity

    • increase in goods

  • Amenhotep IV and wife Nefertiti

    • Monotheistic

      •     worship one god. sun god

  • King Tut:

    • son of ppl above

  • Ramses II

    • Last major pharaoh

    • Claim that he was Moses brother