Irregular Verbs - Indicative: sum, possum, fero, volo, nolo, malo

Irregular Verbs in Latin

Overview of Latin Irregular Verbs

  • Irregular verbs are essential in Latin as they do not follow the typical conjugation patterns.

The Verb "sum" (to be)

  • Principal Parts: sum, esse, fuī, futūrum

  • Present Tense:

    • 1st Person: sum
    • 2nd Person: es
    • 3rd Person: est
    • 1st Plural: sumus
    • 2nd Plural: estis
    • 3rd Plural: sunt

  • Imperfect Tense:

    • eram, erās, erat

  • Future Tense:

    • erō, eris, erit

  • Perfect Tense:

    • fuī, fuistī, fuit

  • Pluperfect Tense:

    • fu-eram, fuerās, fuerat

  • Future Perfect Tense:

    • fu-erō, fueris, fuerit

The Verb "ferō" (to carry)

  • Principal Parts: ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum

  • Present Active:

    • 1st Person: ferō
    • 2nd Person: fers
    • 3rd Person: fert
    • 1st Plural: ferimus
    • 2nd Plural: fertis
    • 3rd Plural: ferunt

  • Present Passive:

    • feror, ferris, fertur, ferimur, ferimini, feruntur

  • Imperfect Active:

    • ferēbat

  • Imperfect Passive:

    • ferēbātur

  • Future Active:

    • feret

  • Future Passive:

    • ferētur

  • Perfect Active:

    • tulit

  • Perfect Passive:

    • lātus est

  • Pluperfect Active:

    • tul-erat

  • Pluperfect Passive:

    • lātus erat

  • Future Perfect Active:

    • tul-erit

  • Future Perfect Passive:

    • lātus erit

Other Important Irregular Verbs

The Verb "nōlō" (to not want)

  • Principal Parts: nōlō, nōlle, noluī

  • Present:

    • nōlō, nōn ext{ }vis, nōn ext{ }vult, nōlumus, nōn ext{ }vultis, nōlunt

  • Imperfect:

    • nōlēbat

  • Future:

    • nōlet

  • Perfect:

    • nōlu-it

  • Pluperfect:

    • nōlu-erat

  • Future Perfect:

    • nōlu-erit
The Verb "possum" (to be able)

  • Principal Parts: possum, posse, potuī

  • Present:

    • possum, potes, potest, possumus, potestis, possunt

  • Imperfect:

    • pot-eram, poterās, poterat

  • Future:

    • pot-erō, poteris, poterit

  • Perfect:

    • potuī, potuistī, potuit

  • Pluperfect:

    • potu-eram, potuerās, potuerat

  • Future Perfect:

    • potu-erō, potueris, potuerit
The Verb "volō" (to wish)

  • Principal Parts: volō, velle, voluī

  • Present:

    • volō, vīs, vult, volumus, vultis, volunt

  • Imperfect:

    • volēbat

  • Future:

    • volet

  • Perfect:

    • volu-it

  • Pluperfect:

    • volu-erat

  • Future Perfect:

    • volu-erit

The Verb "mālō" (to prefer)

  • Principal Parts: mālō, mālle, māluī

  • Present:

    • mālō, māvīs, māvult, mālumnus, māvultis, mālunt

  • Imperfect:

    • mālēbat

  • Future:

    • mālet

  • Perfect:

    • mālu-it

  • Pluperfect:

    • mālu-erat

  • Future Perfect:

    • mālu-erit

Infinitives and Participles

  • Infinitives:

    • sum: esse, fuisse, futūrus esse
    • possum: posse, potuisse
    • ferō: ferre, tulisse, lātum esse, laturus esse
    • volō: velle, voluisse
    • nōlō: nōlle, nōluisse
    • mālō: mālle, māluisse

  • Participles:

    • Present:
    • ferēns, ferentis
    • Perfect:
    • latus, a, um
    • Future:
    • lātūrus, a, um
    • Passive:
    • ferendus, a, um

Present Imperatives

  • fer: singular imperative
  • ferte: plural imperative
  • nōlī: do not (singular)
  • nōlīte: do not (plural)

Summary

  • Familiarity with these irregular verbs, their forms, and their uses in Latin is critical for advanced understanding of Latin grammar and syntax.