US History 2025 Final Exam Review Questions

Pennsylvania

  • Named after William Penn.
  • Pennsylvania means "Penn's Woods".
  • William Penn belonged to the Quakers.
  • The counties that broke away from Pennsylvania became Delaware.

Maryland

  • Founded by Lord Baltimore.

Apprenticeship

  • An apprentice learns a trade from an experienced craftsman.

Education

  • Children were taught to read in order to read the Bible.

Great Awakening

  • Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s.
  • George Whitefield was a Great Awakening preacher who opened a home for orphans.

Enlightenment

  • Famous American Enlightenment figure: Benjamin Franklin.
  • Emphasized reason and science as paths to knowledge.
  • John Locke, an English philosopher, said people have natural rights.

English Government

  • England's chief lawmaking body: Parliament.
  • Magna Carta (1215): Great Charter that limited the power of the king.
  • Salutary neglect: Hands-off policy of the 1700s.
  • Glorious Revolution: Change of leadership from King James to his daughter Mary and her husband William.
  • English Bill of Rights (1689): Document signed by William and Mary agreeing to respect the rights of English citizens and Parliament.
  • John Peter Zenger's trial won freedom of the press.

French and Indian War

  • Fought between France and Britain.
  • Albany Plan of Union: First formal proposal to unite the colonies.
  • Treaty of Paris: Agreement that ended the French and Indian War.

American Revolution

  • King George III was the British monarch during the American Revolution.
  • Proclamation of 1763: Forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
  • Quartering Act: Law that said colonists had to house British soldiers.
  • Revenue: Income.
  • Sugar Act: Placed a tax on sugar and molasses.
  • Boycott: Refusal to buy.
  • Sons of Liberty: Secret society that opposed British policies.
  • Stamp Act: Law that taxed all legal and commercial documents.
  • Patrick Henry said, "Give me liberty or give me death."
  • Writs of assistance: Search warrants.
  • Samuel Adams: Leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty.
  • John Adams: Lawyer and cousin of Samuel Adams.
  • Crispus Attucks: African-American that died in the Boston Massacre.
  • Committees of correspondence: Groups that exchanged letters on colonial affairs.
  • Boston Tea Party: Boston Sons of Liberty destruction of tea on December 16, 1773.
  • 342 chests of tea were dumped in the harbor during the Boston Tea Party.
  • Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts: Laws passed to punish colonies for destroyed tea.
  • First Continental Congress: September 1774 meeting of all delegates except Georgia.
  • Militia: Armed civilians who pledge to defend their community.
  • Minutemen: Militia trained to "act at a minute's warning".
  • Midnight Riders: Dr. Samuel Prescott, Williams Dawes, and Paul Revere.
  • Lexington and Concord: First battles of the Revolutionary War.
  • Loyalist: Colonists who supported the British in the American Revolution.
  • Patriots: Colonists who supported the American rebels during the American Revolution.
  • John Locke most influenced the ideas of the Declaration.
  • Artillery: Cannons and large guns.
  • John Hancock: First person to sign the Declaration of Independence.
  • Thomas Jefferson wrote the draft of the Declaration.
  • Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776.
  • Ethan Allen led the Green Mountain Boys.
  • Richard Henry Lee called the colonies "free and independent states."
  • Liberty Bell rung to announce the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence.
  • George Washington: Commander of the Continental Army.
  • Phillis Wheatley: African-American poet who wrote against British oppression.
  • Townshend Acts: Placed a tax on glass, paper, paint, lead and tea.