Kidney

Excretion: getting rid of metabolic waste products, such as cellular respiration

-repackaged toxic molecules that can be flushed with water

-renal vein: carries filtered blood, less oxygen more, co2, less slat

-renal artery- unfiltered blood

Steps of filtering blood:

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys

More in depth…

Ultrafiltration

-blood is pushed with high pressure through the glomerulus

-the are surrounding it is called Bowman’s capsule

-small molecules can make it through this step

-salt, glucose, water, etc.

-large molecules are left behind

-proteins

Selective Reabsorption

- in proximal convoluted tubule

-the things we want to stay in blood stay

-active transport

-full of atp

-osmoreceptors in the brain detect blood levels

-ADH

-ADH helps to trigger water reabsorption

Osmoregulation

-only part to occur in the medulla, loop of henle

-controls water and solute levels

-function of the loop of henle is the generate high concentration of solutes (low concentration of water) in the tissue of the medulla

-ascending and descending loops

-descending loop- permeable to water and impermeable to salt, passive

-ascending loop- impermeable to water, permeable to salt, active

Overall: filtrate volume decreases, output is diluted, large amounts of salt are removed

Osmolarity

-descending loop holds salt and water leaves passively

-ascending loop holes water and salt leaves actively

Collecting duct

-filter ate enters through distal convoluted tubular

-water moves to capillaries through osmosis

Kidney disease/failure

-diabetes can cause degeneration of the kidney cells

-two treatments available

-transplant

-dialysis

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