Medications Used to Treat Hypertension

Blood Pressure

  • Definition: Resistance against which the heart pumps; fluctuates during heartbeats.

  • Systolic Pressure: Top number during heart contraction; normal: ≤120\leq 120 mmHg.

  • Diastolic Pressure: Bottom number during heart filling; normal: ≤80\leq 80 mmHg.

  • Hypertension: Systolic > 150 mmHg and/or Diastolic > 90 mmHg; increases risk of severe health issues.

Preventing Elevated Blood Pressure

  • Balanced diet to prevent atherosclerosis.

  • Limit salt intake to reduce fluid retention.

  • Regular exercise and moderation of alcohol.

  • Regular blood pressure monitoring is essential.

Treating Elevated Blood Pressure

  • Medications chosen based on specific hypertension causes.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

  • Regulates body functions; responds to stress.

  • Involves hormone release affecting blood pressure and volume.

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

  • Mechanism: Block angiotensin II, preventing vasoconstriction.

  • Uses: Hypertension and heart failure.

  • Contraindications: Requires monitoring for renal function; contraindicated in pregnancy.

  • Adverse Effects: Chest pain, hyperkalemia, cough, etc.

  • Examples: Losartan, Valsartan, Irbesartan.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

  • Mechanism: Block conversion of angiotensin I to II; decreases systemic vascular resistance.

  • Uses: Treat hypertension, renal failure risk prevention.

  • Contraindications: Not for patients with hyperkalemia or during pregnancy.

  • Adverse Effects: Dry cough, dizziness, loss of taste, etc.

  • Examples: Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril.