28 – GIS and database 1

Introduction to GIS (Geographic Information System)

  • Importance of GIS: Key instrument for the realization of archaeological maps and territorial studies.

    • Widely used today in various fields beyond archaeology.

Understanding GIS Components

  • GIS Basics: Integrates cartographic data with spatial information.

    • Geographic elements connected to databases with related information.

  • Interaction with JIS: Facilitates querying and data analysis of archaeological findings.

Applications of GIS in Archaeology

  • Archaeological Investigations: JIS aids the documentation and investigation of territories.

    • Utilized for both topographic research and database management in archaeological studies.

  • Public Access: Certain JIS platforms offer free access to archaeological data for enhanced collaboration.

Categories of Data in GIS

  • Data Types:

    • Raster Data: Scanned images of ancient maps, photographs, or excavation plans.

    • Attribute Data: Information on stratigraphic units, finds, and excavation journals.

  • Importance of Accurate Data Input: Precision in database organization for effective querying later.

Software and Hardware in GIS

  • Software: Many GIS options available, including open-source software like Quantum GIS.

  • Hardware Requirements: Need for servers or virtual spaces for collaboration.

    • Allows multiple users to upload and access data seamlessly.

Data Organization and Queries

  • Organizing Data in Tables: Essential for efficient querying and retrieval.

  • Example of Pottery Data: Need for uniform naming conventions to avoid confusion in data searchability.

    • E.g., "Black Glazed Pottery" vs. "BlackGlazedPottery."

  • Benefit of Structured Queries: Simplifies locating archaeological finds by chronological or thematic categories.

Case Study: Archaeological Survey Application

  • Creating Thematic Maps: Use of GIS to visualize settlement patterns across different periods (e.g., Protohistoric, Republican).

  • Collaborative Research Tools: Facilitates sharing among scholars and students, allowing for rich discussions and analysis.

Importance of Consistency in Data Entry

  • Consistency in Data Recording: Vital for the efficiency of data retrieval and query accuracy.

  • Example of Chronological Tracking: Ability to link pottery finds to specific periods based on consistent naming and data attribution.

Conclusion

  • Future of GIS in Archaeology: Continuing development of web-based GIS platforms is enhancing accessibility and utility.

  • Next Steps: Further exploration of JIS applications in upcoming classes.

Acknowledgments

  • Thanks and enthusiasm for continued GIS exploration in archaeology.