Exam Review Historical Figures

Administrative Notes for Exam:

• The exam is scheduled for Wednesday.

• A study guide has been posted on Canvas.

• After covering key terms for the current week, the class will focus solely on the study guide for review.

• Students are encouraged to ask any questions about people, events, or concepts.

• The exam will feature questions where students are given three terms and need to explain each term individually, then explain how they all connect together.

• There will also be a specific question on Machiavelli's ideas, requiring understanding of concepts like fortune, virtue, and effectiveness.

• An extra TA review session will be held on Tuesday at 4:00 PM in the normal lecture room, led by the TA and Ethan Bueber.

Key Terms for the Week:

• Peace of Augsburg:

  • This was a convention, similar to the Diet of Worms, where Charles V convened his electors within the Holy Roman Empire (HRE).

  • Recognizing the widespread growth of Protestantism, Charles V aimed to prevent internal conflict.

  • The Peace of Augsburg declared that princes (electors) within the HRE could choose the religion for their principality: Protestant (Lutheran), Catholic, or Calvinist.

  • The crucial stipulation was that no prince could dictate the religion of a neighboring principality or make laws forcing neighbors to comply with their choice of religion.

  • Sovereignty Connection: This peace significantly increased the sovereignty of princes within their own borders, empowering them to govern their own lands and religions without external interference from the Emperor, marking an origin point for the concept of the sovereign state.

• Henry VIII:

  • A Tudor King of England, son of Henry VII (victor of the War of the Roses).

  • His father, Henry VII, was concerned with physical security (holding the throne and land); Henry VIII was primarily concerned with lineage security – ensuring a Tudor successor, ideally a male heir.

  • He is famous for his six wives (recalling the rhyme: