Openstax Biology 2E Chapter 9 Study Questions

  • If calcium levels are low, cAMP activity increases which leads to synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone. cAMP acts as a(n)
    • ligand
  • Teeth can have a biofilm formed on the surface. Cell signaling will
    • increase cell quantity
  • Vibrio fischeri are bioluminescent when the population reaches a certain size. This is an example of
    • quorum sensing
  • What describes transcription factors?
    • control of gene expression
  • A common theme in many pathways is a cascade of similar enzymes acting on each other in sequence. For instance, MAP kinase kinase kinase adds a phosphate to MAP kinase kinase, which adds phosphate to MAP kinase, which adds phosphate to another substrate. \n What is the benefit of using a cascade of enzymes?
    • A cascade amplifies output from the original signal.
  • Cell surface receptors have three domains with different roles. Match each role to the domain that is responsible.
____2____Sends conformational change through the plasma membrane ________
____3____Interacts with downstream signaling cascade ________
____1____Binds the signaling molecule ________
  1. Extracellular domain
  2. Hydrophobic domain
  3. Cytosolic domain
  • Protein phosphorylating enzymes help regulated gene expression by
    • protein activation
  • Diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate are released from phosphatidylinositol biphosphate by ________ .
    • phospholipase C
  • Since plants have rigid cell walls formed from cellulose, transfer of information and materials between cells is prohibited.
    • False
  • ________ is the substrate for adenylyl cylcase.
    • ATP