Openstax Biology 2E Chapter 9 Study Questions

If calcium levels are low, cAMP activity increases which leads to synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone. cAMP acts as a(n)

ligand

Teeth can have a biofilm formed on the surface. Cell signaling will

• increase cell quantity

Vibrio fischeri are bioluminescent when the population reaches a certain size. This is an example of

• quorum sensing

What describes transcription factors?

• control of gene expression

A common theme in many pathways is a cascade of similar enzymes acting on each other in sequence. For instance, MAP kinase kinase kinase adds a phosphate to MAP kinase kinase, which adds phosphate to MAP kinase, which adds phosphate to another substrate.
What is the benefit of using a cascade of enzymes?

• A cascade amplifies output from the original signal.

Cell surface receptors have three domains with different roles. Match each role to the domain that is responsible.

Protein phosphorylating enzymes help regulated gene expression by

• protein activation

Diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate are released from phosphatidylinositol biphosphate by ________ .

• phospholipase C

Since plants have rigid cell walls formed from cellulose, transfer of information and materials between cells is prohibited.

• False

________ is the substrate for adenylyl cylcase.

• ATP