Historical Perspectives in Understanding Brain and Behaviour
Earliest awareness of brain
- Trepanning → 7000 yrs ago
- Ancient Egyptians - 3000 BC
- Medical research into the brain
- Sensation contralateral side of the brain
- Hippocrates → argued brain supports mind and behaviour
- Plato → reason and perception in the brain
- Aristotle → argued against Hippocrates, brain is for cooling the blood, sensations and control in the heart
- Versalius → Anatomist, ventricles were essential for sensation and movement
- Descartes → argued soul was separate from body
- Galvani → physician, discovered electrical stimulation of a dead frog leads to reanimated limbs
- Francis Gall → phrenology, argued that specific functions are localised to different areas of the brain
- Jean Pierre Flourens → founder of experimental brain science, found no evidence of phrenoligists view
- John Hughlings Jackson → important insights in cerebral function from studying brain-damaged patients
- Phineas Gage → case study
- Ferrier, Fritsch, Hitzig → used electrical stimulation to reveal localised fucnctions in the motor cortex with experimental animals
- Charles Scott Sherrington → influential work on reflexex and general principles of nervous system
- Penfield → Neurosurgeon, mapped out human motor and somatosensory corticles
- Brenda Milner → patient HM case study, removal of temporal lobe for epilepsy, led to anterograde amnesia
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