APSC 169 L22 Course Recap - 28 November 2024
Page 17: Concurrent Engineering
Definition: Also known as "simultaneous engineering".
Contrast: Opposes Sequential Engineering or “over-the-wall” engineering.
Historical Context: Concept traceable back to the 1980s.
Page 18: Design Process Deviation
Key Change: Deviates from the traditional “over-the-wall” design process, integrating various stages such as:
Marketing
Research
Design
Manufacturing
Sales
Page 19: Claimed Advantages of Concurrent Engineering
Benefits:
Shorter lead time.
Improved communication and product quality.
Reduced design changes.
Ensures better management practices.
Reduced development costs.
Increased profit margins.
Source: Chikwendu, C. (2017). "Benefits and Barriers to Successful Concurrent Engineering Implementation".
Page 20: Design For X (DFX) Overview
Definition: Refers to design methods ensuring characteristic, function, or quality criteria in the final design.
Focus Areas in DFX:
Usability
Functionality
Manufacturability
Maintenance/serviceability
Environmental considerations.
Impact: These factors critically influence cost, safety, market acceptance, and commercial success.
Page 21: Challenges in DFX Implementation
Common Phenomenon: Enhancements in one design aspect may adversely affect another.
Example: Choosing a sterilizable material may necessitate incompatible packaging.
Satisficing Concept: Recognized by economist Herbert Simon, suggesting that optimal decisions are often satisfactory rather than perfect across multiple dimensions.
Page 22: Examples of Design For X
Key areas for DFX include:
Manufacture
Assembly
Maintenance
Environmental considerations
Reuse
Disposal
Recycling
Lifecycle.
Page 24: Intentional Design for Environment
Goals:
Minimize pollution.
Reduce mass cycle for products
Enhance energy efficiency.
Minimize waste.
Design for reduction, reuse, recycling (3Rs).
Reduce life cycle impact.
Pages 25 - 27: Final Exam Information
Course: APSC 169 Sustainable Engineering Design
Date: December 11, 2024
Instructions: Include name and student number.
Page 28: Exam Structure
Format: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs).
Instructions: Indicate the question paper version received.
Page 29: Exam Procedure
Do not open the booklet until instructed by the invigilator.
Marks: 50; Duration: 150 mins (2 hr 30 mins).
Immediate steps post-start: Verify all pages are present, enter identification details, and skim questions.
Pages 30 - 34: Academic Integrity and Exam Preparation
Prohibited Items: Unpermitted aids, cell phones, and smart devices.
Preparation Strategy:
Engage in class and grasp each slide's content.
Be prepared for new concepts, with about 20% requiring inference.
Page 36: Review Content
Recap of covered material and areas to focus on for comprehensive understanding.
Page 39: Design Cycle Steps Overview
Stages: Identify, Implement, Invent.
Identify: Empathize, Observe, Research stakeholders and project requirements.
Page 40: Inventing Concepts
Process: Ideation involves generating wide-ranging concepts followed by testing the minimum viable product.
Page 41: Implementation Strategies
Development: Formulate and execute an implementation strategy while seeking feedback from stakeholders.
Page 42: Iteration in Design Cycle
Iteration: Design process may always yield better designs, necessitating a halt for implementation.
Page 44: Need Statement Development
Format: One-sentence description addressing a specific problem.
Example: “A way to address (problem) in/for (population).”
Page 45: Solution Dependent vs. Independent Need Statements
Dependent Example: “Need sturdier foam earpieces for headphones.”
Independent Example: “Address short longevity and lack of comfort in headphones.”
Page 49: Scoping the Need Statement
Variations: Broaden or narrow the population scope based on contextual understanding.
Page 51: Scoping Implications
Broad Scope: Risk misidentifying niche markets.
Narrow Scope: Dangers missing larger opportunities; requires balance.
Page 52: Project Requirements Post-Need Definition
Components: Functions, objectives, constraints must be aligned with all potential solutions.
Page 56: Constraints in Design
Definition: External limits a project must adhere to, including economic, social, political, and regulatory requirements.
Page 72: Stakeholder Analysis
Steps: Identify stakeholders, assess their impact, interest, and power.
Page 80: Break Down Strategies for Designs
Functional Decomposition: Break down product's functionalities into manageable parts for solution exploration.
Page 86: Weighted Sum Evaluation Matrix for Solution Selection
Method: Common technique in engineering to evaluate and compare different solutions based on multiple criteria.
Page 88: Proof of Concept Process
Steps: Test risks in the solution, prototype, measure, and learn to iterate before finalizing a concept.
Page 90: Prototyping Categories
Categories: Works-like, Feels-like, Is-like, Looks-like, and Looks-and-Works-like models guiding early development decisions.
Page 92: Sustainability in Design
Focus: Integrating sustainability into the design process through systems thinking and lifecycle thinking principles.