Chapter Eight

8.1- What is Deviance

Deviance- a term used violation of general norms

Types of Norms

Positive Sanctions- positive response to violating norms

Negative Sanctions- negative response to violating norms

8.2- Competing Explanations of Deviance: Sociobiology, Psychology, and Sociology

Biosocial- violations are explained due to inborn and genetics within individuals

Psychology- violations are explained due to personality disorders

Sociobiology- social influences such as subcultures and social class

8.3- The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

Differential Association Theory- different groups which people associate cause people to deviate from or to social norms

Control Theory- inner(conscience)and outer(other people) controls cause people to not deviate

Labeling Theory- labels from others or reputations

8.4-The Functionalist Perspective

Strain Theory- most common to means and goals is conformity

8.5- The Conflict Perspective

Criminal Justice System- An Instrument of Oppression

8.6- Reactions to Deviance