1.1.3 glial cells

List the glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

1. Astrocytes (CNS)

2. Microglia (CNS)

3. Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

4. Ependymal Cells (CNS)

5. Satellite Cells (PNS)

6. Schwann Cells (PNS)

Identify the broad types of glial cells of the CNS and PNS based on gross morphology

• CNS Glial Cells:

  • Astrocytes: Star-shaped with numerous processes.

  • Microglia: Small, mobile cells with a branched structure for surveillance.

  • Oligodendrocytes: Cells with fewer processes that form myelin sheaths.

  • Ependymal Cells: Ciliated cells forming an epithelial-like lining of brain ventricles.

• PNS Glial Cells:

  • Satellite Cells: Round cells enveloping neuronal cell bodies.

  • Schwann Cells: Cells that wrap around axons to form myelin with a one-to-one ratio.

Describe the broad functions of the glial cells of the CNS and PNS

• Astrocytes: Provide structural support, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and regulate metabolic support for neurons.

• Microglia: Act as immune defenders, phagocytizing debris and pathogens in the CNS.

• Oligodendrocytes: Form myelin sheaths in the CNS to enhance action potential conduction.

• Ependymal Cells: Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles.

• Satellite Cells: Protect and provide nutrient support for neuronal cell bodies in the PNS.

• Schwann Cells: Facilitate myelination in the PNS, speeding up signal transmission by insulating axons.