cardio


  • parietal pleural (lining thorax) somatically innervated

  • heart and lungs are duly innervated


cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve pathway:

  • originates T1-L2

  • white ramus → cervical/thoracic ganglia

  • synapse in ganglia

  • post ganglionic fibers pop straight out from anterior side of sympathetic chain ganglia

  • travel to target organ


parasympathetic:

  • origins: cranial nerve nuclei III, VII, IX, X, sacral segments S2-S4

  • cranial nerve nuclei X - vagus nerve


autonomic innovation of the thoracic viscera:

  • mixed plexuses: both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

  • dually innervated structures have plexuses

  • plexus named for what they are around

  • cranial nerve X pathway

    • sympathetic chain ganglia, then to cardiac plexus, heart, lungs

    • right vagus nerve is posterior to root of lung

    • phrenic nerve is anterior to root of lung

    • left vagus nerve sends parasympathetic fibers into cardiac plexus

    • left recurrent laryngeal nerve carries fibers to voluntary muscles: vocal cords

  • cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve pathway

    • to cardiac plexus, heart, lungs

      • plexus is at bifurcation of trachea (T4 level)

    • cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves come off anteriorly from sympathetic chain ganglia

      • these are preganglionic fibers, parasympathetic synapse is on target organ


diaphragm is 3 structures grown together:

  • muscle and central tendon (top part of diaphragm) come from cells migrating from anterior to head

  • grabs spinal segment innervation of C3, C4, C5

    • visceral innervation

    • pain referred to top of shoulder

  • lower reaches out, diaphragm growth from body wall (thoracic aperture)

    • somatically innervated

    • lower diaphragmatic parietal pleura

  • motor innervation to skeletal muscles

  • origin of diaphragm muscle: inferior thoracic aperture

  • insertion: the central tendon of the diaphragm