chem test #1

Pure substances and Mixtures

  • Pure substances can be: elements or compounds
  • What is an atom?: can’t be broken down further
  • What is a substance that can be broken down into elements: Compound
  • What is made up of two or more pure substances: Mixture
  • How can a mixture be separated into a pure substance: Physical process

The study of matter

  • What is chemistry the study of? Matter
  • material of the universe, anything that takes up space and has mass: matter
  • matter around us can be made up of: atoms and compounds

Physical Properties

  • Properties that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical structure of a sample: physical properties
  • physical properties that do not change with the amount of matter in a sample: intensive properties
  • materials ability to be stretched into a wire: ductility
  • the ability of a substance to flow easily: fluidity
  • examples of intensive properties: brittleness, melting, boiling, conductivity, color
  • physical properties that change the amount of matter: extensive properties

examples of extensive properties: mass, volume

Chemical properties

  • properties that can be observed or measured right after and reaction: chemical properties
  • ability to damage living tissue: toxicity
  • ability to burn: flammability

amount of energy released when burned: the heat of combustion

Physical Changes and Chemical Changes

  • changes that take place to the form of a substance but do not change the composition: Physical change

  • reactions that change the composition of a sample: chemical changes

  • naturally a gas at room temp: gases

  • normally solid or liquid at room temp: vapor

  • what contains only an element or a compound: pure substance

  • a blend of two or more substances: mixture

  • looks the same throughout: homogenous

  • see different types of particles: heterogeneous

    Ways to separate mixtures

  • a technique of separation by filtering a liquid and solid: filtration

  • a way of separating two different liquids based on boiling point: distillation

  • a way to separate pigments in a solvent: chromatography

    Properties of the States of Matter

  • A definite shape, definite volume, expansion on heating, no compressibility: solid

  • indefinite shape, definite volume, no expansion on heating, compressibility:liquid

  • indefinite shape, indefinite volume, expansion on heating, compressibility

  • matter can’t be created or destroyed: the law of conservation of mass

    periodic table

  • horizontal/row: period

  • vertical/column: group/family

  • on the right side of the periodic table: metal

  • on the left side of the periodic table: nonmetal

  • the diagonal line on the periodic table: metalloid