ch14-lecture-presentation 14th edition Study Guide
Microbiology: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology
Page 1: Overview
Title: Microbiology: An Introduction, Fourteenth Edition
Focus of Study: Chapter 14, Principles of Disease and Epidemiology
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Page 2: Key Definitions
Pathology: Study of diseases
Etiology: Causes of diseases
Pathogenesis: Development processes of diseases
Infection: Invasion or colonization of the body by pathogens
Infectious Disease: Result of infection leading to health changes; can occur without detectable disease.
Disease may arise when a microorganism inhabits an unusual body part.
Page 3: Classifying Infectious Diseases
Symptoms: Subjective changes in body function felt by the patient (not observable)
Signs: Objective, measurable or observable changes in the body due to disease
Syndrome: A specific set of signs and symptoms associated with a disease
Page 4: Disease Categories
Communicable Disease: Spread from one host to another
Examples: COVID-19, chickenpox, measles, influenza, genital herpes, tuberculosis
Contagious Diseases: Easily and rapidly transmitted between hosts
Noncommunicable Disease: Not spread between hosts
Example: Tetanus
Page 5: Occurrence of Disease
Incidence: Number of new cases within a specific time period
Prevalence: Total number of cases, both old and new, at a certain time
Page 6: Types of Disease Occurrences
Sporadic Disease: Occasional occurrences within a population
Endemic Disease: Constant presence of a disease within a given area
Epidemic Disease: Many cases in a short amount of time in a specific area
Pandemic Disease: Worldwide outbreak of a disease
Page 7: Development of Disease Stages
Incubation Period: Time between initial infection and onset of symptoms
Prodromal Period: Early, mild symptoms that are nonspecific
Period of Illness: When symptoms are most severe
Period of Decline: Signs and symptoms start to decrease
Period of Convalescence: Recovery period where the body returns to its normal state
Page 8: Transmission Modes
Direct Contact Transmission: Requires close association between infected and susceptible host
Congenital Transmission: From mother to fetus/newborn at birth
Indirect Contact Transmission: Through inanimate objects (fomites)
Droplet Transmission: Via droplets less than 1 meter through the air
Page 9: Vectors and Transmission
Vectors: Arthropods like fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes
Transmission Methods:
Mechanical Transmission: Pathogen carried on arthropod's feet
Biological Transmission: Pathogen reproduces within the vector and is transmitted through bites or feces