Untitled Flashcard Set
The scientific method
Scientific method: process to investigate an observation.
Observation: perception via senses \implies questions.
Experiments vs Investigations
Investigation: fact-finding, data collection, observations.
Experiment: designed test for cause-effect relationship between two variables; includes a testable hypothesis.
Steps in the scientific method
Observation & question
Construct testable hypothesis (predicts relationship between two variables)
Design fair method
Collect data & analyze results
Conclusions (addressing hypothesis)
Revise hypothesis/method
Hypotheses
Hypothesis: testable statement outlining cause-effect relationship between two variables; a possible explanation.
Experiment result: support ( \implies ) agree with, or refute ( \implies ) disagree with hypothesis.
Variables
Variable: factor changing in amount or type.
Independent Variable (IV): manipulated by experimenter (cause).
Dependent Variable (DV): changes due to IV, measured (effect).
Experiment purpose: determine IV's effect on DV.
Extraneous Variable (EV): any other variable potentially affecting DV.
Controlled Variable: EV kept same for all trials/groups.
Example (Miracle-Grow):
IV: use of Miracle-Grow
DV: plant height over time
EVs (controlled): plant type, soil, water volume/frequency, light, etc.
Collecting data
Qualitative data: descriptions, observed but not measured, subjective (e.g., colours, smells).
Quantitative data: numbers, counted/measured, objective (e.g., length, temperature).