Geometry and Trigonometry Fundamentals

Geometry of the Esfera

A Esfera is a three-dimensional geometric body consisting of all points located at the same distance from a central point. The area measures the exterior of the body, whereas the volume represents the internal space it occupies. These are calculated using the following formulas:

A = 4 \target{\pi} r^2

$V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Fundamentals of Trigonometria

Trigonometria involves studying the relationship between the sides and angles of triangles to determine unknown measurements. A critical component is the triangle rectangle, which is characterized by having an angle of $90^{\circ}$. This triangle consists of three specific sides: the Hipotenusa, which is the longest side and sits opposite the right angle; the Cateto opuesto, which is the side facing the angle under observation; and the Cateto adyacente, which is the side next to the angle under observation.

Trigonometric Ratios and Formulas

Three primary formulas are used to compare the sides of a triangle rectangle. Seno (Sen) is defined as the ratio of the Cateto opuesto divided by the Hipotenusa. Coseno (Cos) compares the Cateto adyacente divided by the Hipotenusa. Tangente (Tan) compares the Cateto opuesto divided by the Cateto adyacente.