Exception Handling, File Handling & Database Concepts

Exception Handling

• Syntax Error (Passing Error)

  • A mistake in the program that violates the rules of the programming language.

  • occurs during the execution of the program

• Definition of Syntax Error

  • Occurs when the programmer has not followed the rules of Python while writing the code.

• Exception

  • errors that are triggered automatically and can be handles through a program code

• Purpose of Exception Handling

  • Allows a program to deal with runtime errors instead of abruptly crashing.

• try Block

  • catches the code that might raise an exception..

• Common Built-in Exceptions

  • SyntaxError, ValueError, IOError, KeyboardInterrupt, ImportError, EOFError, ZeroDivisionError, IndexError, NameError, IndentationError, TypeError, OverflowError.

• Consequence of Unhandled Exceptions

  • Program might stop execution or crash

File Handling

• Text File vs. Binary File

  • Text File

  • Stores characters encoded in ASCII/Unicode.

  • Human-readable; lines end with newline (\n).

  • Typical extension: .txt.

  • Binary File

  • Stores raw bytes (0 and 1).

  • Not directly human-readable; used for images, videos, or pickled Python objects.