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Lesson Objectives

  • Introduction to IP addressing protocol for computer addressing on a network.

  • Concepts:

    • Packet switching: breaking messages into packets.

    • Understanding types of networks: Internet, Intranet, Extranet, Medianets.

    • IP addresses: static vs. dynamic.

    • MAC addresses: unique identifiers for devices.

    • Network and host parts of IP addresses.

    • Applying subnet masks.

    • Internal and external IP addresses.

    • Subnetting practices.

Network Types

  • Internet: Global networks, accessible infrastructure with various services.

  • Intranet: Private networks for single organizations.

  • Extranet: Private networks that may allow public access under certain conditions.

  • Medianet: Optimized networks for video applications.

Packet Switching

  • Large messages split into packets for efficient network communication.

  • Each packet has a header (sender/recipient IP, sequence info) and payload (message data).

  • Packets can take different routes, arrive out of order, and may need retransmission.

IP Addressing

  • IP Address Structure: Comprises a network prefix (unique to the network) and a host suffix (unique within that network).

  • Two addressing schemes in use: IPv4 (32-bit) and IPv6 (128-bit).

  • IPv4 notation: binary and dotted-decimal.

Addressing Concepts

  • Static IP addresses are unchanging; Dynamic IP addresses can vary.

  • CIDR notation used to denote bits for network and host parts (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).

  • Host device calculations: 2n−22^n - 2 (where n is the number of host bits).

Subnetting

  • Divides larger networks into smaller, manageable subnets for efficiency.

  • Advantages include better security, reduced traffic and collisions, and easier management.

  • Private address ranges that cannot be routed via the Internet:

    • 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

    • 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

    • 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

  • Subnet examples illustrate IP address ranges within given networks.

Routers and NAT

  • Routers maintain LAN and internet traffic flow, checking IP addresses against routing tables.

  • Network Address Translation (NAT): Allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address.

Key Takeaways

  • Differentiation between internal and external IP addresses.

  • Role of routers in directing network traffic based on MAC addresses.

  • Utilization of subnetting for efficient use of available IP addresses.