At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Describe the impact of Rizal's exile on the people of Dapitan.
Analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution.
Analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on Spanish colonial rule and the Philippine Revolution.
Rizal's Return to Manila
Date: June 26, 1892
Welcoming Committee: Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Deodato Arellano, and other patriots.
La Liga Filipina (The Filipino League) was established to discuss plans for the Philippines.
Exile in Dapitan
Location: Dapitan, Mindanao - a remote outpost of the Spaniards.
Start of Exile: July 1892.
Rizal's relationship with Captain Ricardo Carnicero allowed him some freedom to roam, under the condition of weekly reporting to him.
During exile, Rizal:
Practiced medicine and became acknowledged as a distinguished ophthalmologist.
Involved in community projects, education for boys, and artistic pursuits (sculpture, painting, poetry).
Helped locals with farming and business, and invented equipment for brick-making.
Lottery Win: On September 21, 1892, Rizal won P6,200 and used part of it to buy land in Talisay for his clinic and a school.
Noteworthy Events:
Performed surgery on his mother’s eyes.
Developed a water system for the town.
Created a large map of Mindanao for geography classes.
Rizal's Arrest and Trial
Revolution: When the revolution erupted in Manila in 1896, Rizal was approached by Dr. Pio Valenzuela concerning Katipunan's plans.
Offer for Surgery in Cuba: Rizal sought to end his exile by volunteering as a surgeon in Cuba during a yellow-fever epidemic.
Arrest: He was arrested while leaving for Cuba on September 3, 1896, returned to Manila, and imprisoned at Fort Santiago.
The Trial
Date of Trial: November 20, 1896, under Colonel Francisco Olive.
Charges: Accused of being a leader of the revolution, illegal organization, and rebellion.
Rizal's Defense: He presented twelve key points to prove his innocence, including statements from witnesses confirming his anti-violence stance, that he wasn’t involved in illegal activities during exile, and that he even contributed to societal development in Dapitan.
Rizal was not allowed a fair trial; his defense attorney was a novice and he was unable to confront his accusers.
Execution
Sentence: Executed on December 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan.
Final Hours:
Activities: Family visit, confessions, writing letters and poems, including "Mi Ultimo Adios".
At 6:30 am, he was taken to the execution site amidst military presence and civilian crowd.
Execution:
Stripped of the option to kneel and blindfolded, he requested to face the firing squad but ultimately turned away.
Final words before death: "Consummatum est!" (It is finished!).
Aftermath and Impact
Public Reaction: Mixed feelings among crowds; celebration by Spaniards and mourning from Filipinos.
Legacy of Rizal's Execution:
Seen as martyrdom; Rizal's death would further inspire Philippine nationalism.
Burial: Initially buried unceremoniously, later reinterred at Luneta.
Rizal's Last Writings
Final letters emphasized forgiveness to his family and hope for unity.
In his last poem, he expressed his deep affection for the Philippines and sacrifice for the nation.
Significance of Rizal's Martyrdom
Rizal symbolizes the struggle against colonial oppression and the quest for justice and national identity. His willingness to die for his beliefs inspired subsequent generations in the fight for Philippine independence.
Quotes to Remember:
"Tomorrow we will be citizens of the Philippines, whose destiny will be beautiful because it will be in loving hands…" - José Rizal
Rizal's vision and writings continue to resonate in the hearts and minds of Filipinos today, as they reflect the values of courage, conviction, and love for one’s country.