polymer

Course Information

  • Institution: Manipal University Jaipur

  • Course Code: CHY1001 (LTPC=2124)

  • Course Title: Engineering Chemistry

  • Instructor: Dr. Susruta Samanta

  • Department: Chemistry (Contact: susruta.samanta@jaipur.manipal.edu)

Course Outcomes

  • CO1: Remember and understand the chemicals and processes used in technology. (Cognitive Level: Remember, Understand)

  • CO2: Analyze the problems and develop skills to generate solutions in chemical engineering processes. (Cognitive Level: Analyze)

  • CO3: Create materials used in technology. (Cognitive Level: Create)

  • CO4: Evaluate different mathematical problems related to chemical processes. (Cognitive Level: Evaluate)

  • CO5: Understand and apply knowledge of chemical reactions in different technical problems. (Cognitive Level: Apply)

Syllabus Overview

Module 1: Water Treatment Technology

  • Introduction and Characteristics of Impurities in water.

  • Hardness of Water:

    • Degree of hardness.

    • Determination of hardness (EDTA method).

    • Numerical problems.

  • Softening of Hard Water:

    • External treatment methods (lime soda process, ion exchange, zeolite methods).

    • Internal treatment methods (phosphate, calgon condition, colloid conditioning).

    • Numerical problems based on lime soda process.

Module 2: Advanced Materials and Polymers

  • Introduction and Definition of polymers.

  • Classification of Polymers:

    • Based on origin, thermal behavior, polymerization reactions, applications, tacticity.

    • Functionality and Degree of polymerization.

    • Co-polymerization types: alternating, random, block, graft.

  • Mechanisms:

    • Free radical, ionic, coordination, and condensation polymerization reactions.

  • Glass Transition Temperature and factors affecting it.

  • Molecular Weight of Polymers:

    • Concepts of number average and weight average molecular weights with numerical problems.

  • Materials:

    • Preparation, properties, and applications of LDPE, HDPE, Nylon (6:6, 6, 6:10, 11), PF resins, polyester, natural and synthetic rubber (Buna-N, Buna-S).

    • Composites and biomaterials: properties and applications.

Lecture Plan Overview

Module 2: Advanced Materials and Polymers (Detailed Plan)

  • Introduction and Classification of polymers (Week 9-10)

  • Mechanisms of Polymerization including:

    • Free radical polymerization

    • Ionic polymerization (Cationic, Anionic)

    • Coordination polymerization

    • Glass transition temperature (Week 11-12)

  • Numerical Problems on molecular weights (Week 13)

  • Preparation and Applications of polymers (Week 14-15)

  • Composites and Biomaterials (Week 16)

  • Tutorial Activities (Week 17-18)

Polymer Classification

Basis of Classification

  1. Chain Composition:

    • Homopolymer (one kind of monomer)

    • Copolymer (two kinds of monomers)

    • Terpolymer (three kinds of monomers)

  2. Structure:

    • Linear polymers

    • Branched polymers

    • Network polymers

  3. Sources:

    • Natural polymers (e.g., cellulose, protein)

    • Synthetic polymers (e.g., nylon, PVC)

  4. Mechanism of Polymerization:

    • Addition polymers

    • Condensation polymers

  5. Thermal Behavior:

    • Thermoplastic polymers

    • Thermosetting polymers

Properties and Applications

  • Thermoplastic vs Thermosetting Polymers:

    • Thermoplastics can be reshaped upon heating; examples include PE and PVC.

    • Thermosetting polymers cannot be reshaped after the initial heating process; examples include Bakelite.

Natural and Synthetic Rubber

  • Natural Rubber:

    • Properties, drawbacks, and vulcanization process.

  • Synthetic Rubber:

    • Various types including Buna-S, Buna-N, and Butyl rubber with properties and applications.

Practice Questions and Problems

  • Multiple practice problems included, focusing on polymerization processes, calculating average molecular weights, and understanding reaction mechanisms.