Science semester final.

Cells that have a Cell Wall Both - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Cells that have a Nucleus Eukaryotes Cells that are large and complex Eukaryote Bacteria Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Eukaryote Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Eukaryote Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Eukaryote Cells that have Ribosomes Both - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Cell membrane A protective layer that covers the cells surface and acts as a barrier; let's things in and out of the cell a small grain-shaped organelles in the cytoplasm that produce proteins ribosome Cells that are simple and small Prokaryote Cells that have a Cell Membrane Both - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Cell wall and chloroplast Name two organelles likely to be found in a cell from a maple leaf but not in a human nerve cell? Cells that have membrane bound organelles Eukaryote Organ A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body. Who and when observed cork and called the empty chambers "cells" Robert Hooke - 1655 Cells that are Multicellular Eukaryote controls what enters and leaves the cell cell membrane Bacteria cells are all... Prokaryote Nucleus Control center of the cell. Contains DNA. Ribosomes Makes proteins. Rough ER part of the ER covered in ribosomes; internal delivery system of the cell:"cell super highway Which of the following best describes a carnivore? meat eater Plant Cells are all... Eukaryote Organelle, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism. The most simple to the most complex organism: an organelle that packages proteins & other materials from the ER and sends them to other parts of the cell golgi apparatus the control center or director of all of the cells activities nucleus Eukaryotic an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane Cells that do not have a Nucleus Prokaryote Ribosomes Organelles that make proteins Prey The organism that is hunted and eaten by a predator. an organelle with a network of membranes that helps ribosomes make proteins. endoplasmic reticulum Which of the following goes with the word "Biotic" the best? Living Competition When two organisms compete for a limited resource Organ system The combination of your mouth, stomach, esophagus, and intestines moving nutrients through your body is an example of what level of organization? A type of Cell Both - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Animal Cells are all... Eukaryotes Prokaryote or Eukaryote Prokaryote a constant moving gelatin-like fluid that contains organelles inside a cell cytoplasm Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells, cells are the smallest unit of life, cells come from pre-existing cells. rod-shaped organelles known as the powerhouse of a cell because they convert energy from food to energy the cell can use to live and function mitochondria Lysosomes Organelles that contain digestive enzymes; breaks down larger food particles into smaller ones; destroys old cell parts a body structure made of different kinds of tissues that work together organ DNA is found in... Both - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Cytoplasm Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found a group of organs that work together to perform a major function organ system Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) Organelle that packages and distributes proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum. Which organelle transports materials through the cell? Which of the following is an example of an Abiotic Factor? Water Tissue A group of similar cells that perform the same function. organelle that stores food, water, and waste vacuole Which of the following best describes a consumer? organisms that eat producers or other organisims for energy Cell Wall A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. Cell The smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life Prokaryotic A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; has cillia and a flagella A cell. Which structure is considered the most basic unit of life: a rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants cell wall Mitochondria The powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production. Cytoplasm A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended (float in). all living things are made of cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, and they are the basic units of life and function cell theory Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Eukaryote Chloroplast Organelles in plant cells in which photosynthesis takes place Causes of secondary succession? Fires, tornados, hurricanes, etc. a group of similar cells that perform a specific function tissue Cells that are Unicellular Both - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Vacuole A structure that stores water and other liquids for the cell Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Eukaryote Through the Cell Membrane. How do waste products leave the cell? Eukaryote A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The plant cell would have no protection/support. What might be the first to happen if the cell wall of a plant cell were destroyed? made of a single cell unicellular All Biotic things are made up of... Both - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes A tick on a dog is an example of Parasitism Oxygen This gas is released to the atmosphere as a by product of photosynthesis Cells with NO membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic Smooth ER ER that lacks ribosomes; internal delivery system of the cell; cell superhighway Cell wall A rigid structure that surrounds the plant cell membrane and provides support to the cell a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function inside the cell organelle Cells that have Cytoplasm Both - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Cell wall, chloroplast, and large central vacuole. Plant cells have the following: All living things are made up of cells, all cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the smallest unit of life. What are the three parts of cell theory? Which is an example of a decomposer? mushroom Organelle Structures that perform specific functions within the cell Chloroplast An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. Organelles A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. consisting of many cells multicellular Why do the pioneer species eventually get replaced by taller producers? the taller producers prevent sunlight from reaching the shorter, low lying producers Prokaryote A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Stable ecosystem Climax community Nucleus. The brain of a large animal is like the ____ of a cell: Several small vacuoles, lysosomes. Animal cells have the following: scavengers animals that feed on the bodies of dead organisms. Nucleus a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cells DNA; control center of the cell A plover bird eating food from a crocodile's teeth is an example of Mutualism Cell Membrane A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. mitochondria Powerhouse of the Cell, produces ATP Golgi Body (Apparatus) Which organelle sorts and packages materials in the cell? Predation When one animal eats another for food Mutualism symbiotic relationship when both animals benefit Organ System Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. Primary succession begins in an area without Soil Field mice eat corn. Which would most likely happen if the field mouse population grew? There would be less corn due to the mice eating Which of the following is pointing to the "guard cell"? E Photosynthesis The process by which plants make their own food What is the name of the elongated, packed cells (part G) directly under the upper epidermis? Palisade Mesophyll Examples of Biotic Factors: Birds, plants, animals, inesects, reptiles, shrubs, trees, grasses Biodiversity The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat - an area with a lot of biodiversity will be more resistant to disease or insects. Bio= life Diversity = differences/variety Ecosystem community of living things interact with biotic and abiotic parts of their environment Abiotic non-living The vascular tissue which transports sugar (food) in both directions within the leaf is the Phloem Ecology the study of how organisms interact with each other and environment What type of succession is shown in the picture? Secondary Stomata Pores that allow gas exchange 4 needs of all animals Food, Water, Shelter, Space What type of succession is shown in the picture? Primary omnivore eats both plants and meat - consumer Which best describes grasses, shrubs, and trees? producers Which of the following best describes a decomposers? organisims that get energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms. competition when two or more individuals or populations try to use the same limited resource such as food. Oxygen is an example of... an abiotic factor Symbiosis A relationship between animals in which at least one benefits Which type of succession takes the longest? Primary Succession Xylem Transports Water Which of the following best describes a producer? organisms that go through the process of photosynthesis Which population is the primary cause of habitat reduction? humans Limiting Factor Anything that limits the population of animals that can live in an ecosystem stomata small opening in plant's leaves through which gases are exchanged Ecologist a scientist that studies ecology/ecosystems Upper Epidermis Protection Which best explains why sunlight is important in an ecosystem? sunlight provides energy for producers in the ecosystem The first species to appear during primary succession (lichen and moss) are called- pioneer species Which gets all of its energy from the sun? producer The important gases, carbon dioxide and oxygen, enter and leave the leaf through the Stomata Which of the following goes with "herbivore" the best? plant eater - primary consumer Which of the following best describes a predator an organism that hunts other organisms to live A simple food chain includes hawks, lizards, and insects. Which will MOST likely happen to the lizard and hawk populations if a pesticide is sprayed to kill the insects, and the lizard and hawk populations cannot find other food in this ecosystem? Both the lizard population and the hawk population will decrease What are the products of photosynthesis? Oxygen and Glucose (sugar) Examples of Abiotic Factors: Weather, wind, rain, sunlight, rocks Producer Makes own food - plants Which list the correct order that species appear in an ecosystem during primary succession? bare rock, lichens, grass, trees Photosynthesis Process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food Which of the following best describes a "community"? ALL living organisms in an area Leaf Site in plant where most photosynthesis takes place Which structure makes the leaf waterproof? Cuticle Plants need __________ from the air for photosynthesis. Carbon Dioxide Part of the plant that carries water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the leaves. stem Why are plants important to life on Earth? They use carbon dioxide and give us oxygen Which ingredient is NOT necessary for photosynthesis? Oxygen Phloem Transports sugars/glucose Which structures open and close stomata to allow gas exchange but prevent water loss in leaves? Guard Cells light energy that powers photosynthesis Chloroplast Site in cell where photosynthesis takes place and contains chlorophyll the services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services supporting services Hunting Provisioning This layer of cells is where photosynthesis occurs within the leaf; there are air spaces within this layer Spongy Mesophyll The use/supply of food, fresh water, fuel, fiber, and other items. Provision Services The aesthetic (looks of the area), educational opportunities, cultural heritage/importance, recreational areas, and tourism. Cultural Services How people benefit from an ecosystem Ecosystem Services food, fresh water, fuel provisioning services Threatened species Threatened species are any species which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterized by the decreasing in their population. Which biome is represented in the picture Tagia products obtained from ecosystems provisioning services Genetic Diversity The combination of alleles in a population/species A farmer is growing only 1 type of crop, is his field diverse? No... Fishing Provisioning Which is not a factor to biodiversity loss? increased carrying capacity Biome A large area defined by its geography and climate. tundra A cold, dry, treeless plain that is covered by ice for most of the year. It is home to caribou, the arctic hare, and foxes. Which is NOT an example of Supporting Services Aesthetic (Looks) Which is NOT an example of Regulating Services Soil Formation Ecosystem Diversity The number and types of ecosystems in a region If you were making an ecosystem, would you want several different kinds of species? Yes... Lumber Provisioning The formation of soil and the cycle nutrients in soil/food. Supporting Services Medicine Provisioning Which biome would have the least biodiversity? Desert Which is one way earthworms improve the ability of most plants to survive in their habitats? They improve the quality of the soil Commensalism When one animal benefits and the other is not affected Marine biome covers 3/4 of the Earth's surface Population a group of the same species living in an area Abiotic means Nonliving Which had no previous life before? primary succession Which of the following best describes a "food chain"? Producers are always at the bottom Consumer Must eat other plants and/or animals for food Carnivore Eats only animals Primary Succession the establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock or bare rock that does not have any topsoil - lichens help break down the rock to form soil, eventually they die and are are replaced by mosses, ferns, and the Which best describes a forest ecosystem? an ecosystem with various trees, shrubs, diverse animals, and adequate rainfall Which of the following is the largest level of classification in an ecosystem? Community Which is an example of a decomposer? maggots Which of the following answers has the levels of an ecosystem correctly ordered from LARGEST to SMALLEST? Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism Which two layers of the plant contain chloroplasts? Palisade & Spongy Mesophyll Which of the following best describes a "food web"? consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem Habitat The place where an organism can obtain everything it needs for survival The majority of the stomata of a leaf can usually be found within the Lower Epidermis Parasitism When one animal benefit and the other one is harmed A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which BEST describes a brown bear omnivore What is letter "D" pointing to? Spongy Mesophyll What type of succession is shown in the picture? Secondary What is a climax community? stable community of plants and animals What is letter "A" pointing to? Cuticle Which action can reduce the amount of garbage produced by humans? recycling and reusing materials Eco- environment, habitat, or surroundings This biome consists of mosly cone-bearing evergreen trees taiga Predation A relationship where one animal (predator) hunts and kills other animals (prey) for food. What is the following picture an example of? Taiga Which biome is represented in the picture? Temperate Deciduous Forest What does primary succession begin with? bare rock Omnivore Eats both plants and animals Predator The animal that eats or hunts other animals Carbon Cycle Support Invasive Species A species that enters a new ecosystem that does not belong there. coniferous trees with cones and thin, needle-shaped leaves; evergreen trees such as pine, fir, and spruce biome Large geographic areas that have similar climates and ecosystems Preventing soil erosion Regulating Which is NOT a reason invasive species are bad for an ecosystem? The invasive species is not well adapted to the ecosystem. Extinct A species dies out forever. a species that is not native to a particular region invasive species This biome has maples, oaks, birch, and other deciduous trees that stop growing during the winter and grow in the spring temperate deciduous forest Food Provisioning Prey The animal that is hunted or eaten A bee pollinating a flower is an example of Mutualism Which is NOT an example of Cultural Services Providing Water tropical rain forest Land covered with tall trees and lush vegetation. It is located around the equator and receives a lot of rain. It is home to over half of all species on Earth. The winters are long, cold, and snowy. The summers are short, warm, and moist taiga What is the following picture an example of? Coral Reef Which of the items below would NOT negatively impact biodiversity? Conservation efforts This biome has very hot days and cold nights desert Letter C is pointing to the Palisade Mesophyll climate includes the average yearly temperature and amount of rainfall an area receives taiga A forest of coniferous trees that has long cold winters with little precipitation, but warmer wetter summers. It is home to deer, elk, and wolves. Water Cycle Support carrying capacity The maximum population the resources in an area can support. What do we call specific areas that have much biodiversity, but are threatened with possible extinctions? Biodiversity hotspots Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor? Consumers Where does photosynthesis take place? In the leaves Biodiversity refers to the variety of life Spending time outside lowers blood pressure Cultural desert Land covered with sand dunes or poor soil that receives very little rain and has extreme temperature changes. The animals which live there come out mainly at night. What is the following picture an example of? Savanna What Biome do you live in? Temperate Forest Invasive Species A species that enters a new ecosystem that does not belong there. benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes regulating services preventing erosion, filtering water, preventing flooding examples of indirect services Soil Formation Support beach/intertidal zone the location where the ocean meets the land; can be under water or exposed so the organisms are constantly changing; crabs, shorebirds, sea stars Meditating in the outdoors Cultural coral reef Includes warm shallow waters that receive lots of sunlight - usually near the intertidal zone; found at the barrier to continents; colorful fish, sea anemone, rays, sharks What does the word Terrestrial Mean? Land climax community a stable community that no longer goes through major ecological changes. final stage of succession Which is a difference between abiotic and biotic factors? Abiotic factors are all nonliving things and biotic factors are all living things Where would you find the Savanna Biome? Africa Which is example of low biodiversity? a field of corn What is the smallest level of classification in an ecosystem? Organism ecosystem services the ways in which ecosystems benefit humans Which is NOT an example of Ecosystem Services Litter deep/open ocean Includes cold waters far from the land; temperature decreases as it gets deeper; open ocean animals include whales, dolphins, deep sea fish, and plankton; crabs, creepy deep sea fish live in deep ocean along with archaeb Chlorophyll pigment which absorbs light How can you tell if a habitat is sustainable? Has enough species that one can die off and habitat can still survive Ecosystem A community of living organisms (biotic) and the nonliving (abiotic) things with which they interact. Which is MOST LIKELY to happen if an ecosystem does not receive sunlight for a long time? All living organisims would eventually die How are consumers and decomposers related? consumers provide nutrients for decomposers lakes and ponds Freshwater standing bodies of water that are created as streams and rivers empty into it; small fish, dragonflies, ducks, turtles, snakes, rooted and floating plants What is biodiversity? the measure of how many different species are living in one area Fossil Fuels Provisioning Secondary Succession Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil. This can be anything from a forest fire, to a hurricane, or flood. What is the largest Terrestrial Biome? Taiga Needed for photosynthesis light Photosynthesis Support Biotic means Living Nitrogen Cycle Support estuary the location where freshwater and saltwater meet (where the river meets the ocean); very diverse animals like there like oysters, manatees, and beluga whales Pollination Regulating tropical grassland/savanna Land that does not receive enough rainfall to support trees. It is home to grazing animals such as elephants and zebras, and carnivores such as lions. Wet/dry seasons. Herbivore Eats only plants Water Filtration Regulating ecosystem services the benefits that nature provides for people Which biome is represented in the picture? Tundra Hiking Cultural Which is not one of the three levels of biodiversity? habitat diversity What does the word Aquatic Mean? Water Which of these is NOT an area of critical biodiversity? desert rocks Pioneer species for primary succession? Mosses and Lichens What is the main difference between marine and freshwater ecosystems? the amount of salt temperate deciduous forest Land covered by trees that lose their leaves. This area has four distinct seasons. Moderate rainfall and temperatures. Georgia has this biome. Which is NOT an example of Provision Services Climate Which statement about photosynthesis is correct? Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis from sunlight Climate Regulation Regulating Grasslands have very few trees while forests have many trees. Why is this statement true? Grasslands receive less rain than forests. Kayaking Cultural temperate grassland/prairie It is home to grazing animals such as bison and cattle, and carnivores such as the coyote. It is called the "breadbasket of the world" because of the large number of crops grown there. Few trees. Wetlands (marshes, swamps, bogs) Freshwater areas where the land is saturated with standing water; amphibians, reptiles, ducks, cypress trees Which is the most sustainable A rainforest with 1 million distinct species Removing CO2 from the atmosphere Regulating deciduous trees that have flat leaves that change color and fall off before winter Species Diversity The number and types of species in an ecosystem or area Which biome is represented by the picture? Tropical Rainforest This biome has warm wet weather year round tropical rainforest rivers and streams Freshwater that continuously moves in a single direction; the communities are constantly changing to match the changing pace of the river; trout, otters, wading birds, salmon, algae Mountain Biking Cultural The variety of genes that exist in a species. Genetic diversity How are the Desert Biomes and the Tundra Biome Similar Both are dry biomes Biome A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms