Origins of European Integration

Europe's Post-War Leaders

• Emergence of a committed generation in Western Europe post-World War II.
• Leaders had direct experience with war or fascism, fueling their resolve for future cooperation.
• Key figures:
  • Konrad Adenauer: Chancellor and Minister for Foreign Affairs (West Germany)
  • Robert Schuman: Minister for Foreign Affairs (France)
  • Alcide De Gasperi: Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs (Italy)

Reasons for European Integration

• Legacy of War:

  • Two major wars in 30 years caused devastation and loss of millions.
  • Desire to shift from competition to cooperation, notably between France and Germany, to prevent future conflicts.

• Cold War Context:

  • Belief in need for a united Europe to effectively compete against superpowers (USA and USSR).
  • Threat of communism after Soviet expansion in Central and Eastern Europe underscored the necessity for Western collaboration to counter it.