VFA Lessons 19-20

Here are the definitions of the words from Lesson 19 and Lesson 20 for AP Language and Composition:

Lesson 19 – Truth and Deception

  1. Apocryphal – (adj.) Of doubtful authenticity or origin; fictitious.

  2. Bona fide – (adj.) Genuine; authentic; made or done in good faith.

  3. Candor – (n.) Honesty, frankness, or sincerity of expression.

  4. Cant – (n.) Hypocritical or sanctimonious talk, especially of a moral or religious nature; jargon or specialized language of a group.

  5. Charlatan – (n.) A person falsely claiming to have special knowledge or skills; a fraud or imposter.

  6. Chicanery – (n.) Deception or trickery, especially through clever or dishonest reasoning.

  7. Feign – (v.) To pretend or give a false appearance of something.

  8. Insidious – (adj.) Subtly harmful or deceptive; gradually causing damage.

  9. Rectitude – (n.) Moral uprightness; righteousness.

  10. Veritable – (adj.) Real, true, or genuine; often used to emphasize something.


Lesson 20 – Money and Finance

  1. Accrue – (v.) To accumulate or increase over time, especially in financial matters.

  2. Arbiter – (n.) A person who has the power to judge or decide a matter; an authoritative figure in a dispute.

  3. Audit – (n./v.) A formal examination of financial records; to conduct such an examination.

  4. Cartel – (n.) A group of companies or organizations that collude to control prices and limit competition.

  5. Collateral – (n.) Something pledged as security for a loan; (adj.) Secondary or indirect.

  6. Commodity – (n.) A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.

  7. Conglomerate – (n.) A large corporation made up of diverse companies; (v.) To form into a whole.

  8. Liquidate – (v.) To sell off assets to convert them into cash; to settle debts.

  9. Lucrative – (adj.) Profitable or financially rewarding.

  10. Security – (n.) A financial instrument representing value (e.g., stocks, bonds); safety or protection.

Let me know if you need any clarifications or examples!