Intro 1: What and why of  Ø

Ø :: PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy :: sum total of one’s thinking about life which shapes one’s attitude and affect’s one action; lover of wisdom

\  :: science of all things/beings, through their first causes, under the life of natural reason

\ :: human, social activity, man’s perennial and disinterested search of intelligible structure of the totality of being

\ Philos :: love, friend

Sophia :: Wisdom, knowledge

Philosopos :: Lover of Wisdom

\ Definition

De + Finire :: “to put limit/ limitation or boundary”

De :: to put

Finire ::Limitation or Boundary

\ Definition of Philosophy

  1. Nominal Definition or Etymological Definition
  2. Real Definition
  3. Explanation Definition

\ Divisions or Branches of Philosophy

  1. Pure Philosophy
  2. Applied Philosophy

\ Pure Philosophy

  1. Metaphysics :: being considered in itself

       1. Ontology :: in its most general form    2. Cosmology :: in the non-living world    3. in the living world

             1. Theodicy :: God       2. Man

                   1. Anthropology :: Soul and Body          2. Psychology :: Soul

  1. being considered in relation to us

       1. to our thought

             1. Logic :: its procedure
      2. Epistemology :: its value    2. Ethics - to our will

\ Applied Philosophy

Pure philosophy :: applied to special topics and problems of education

\ Logic :: Correct Thinking

\ Theology and Philosophy

Theology :: Faith ; to believe is to see

Philosophy :: Reason; to see is to believe

Truth :: Common objective of theology and philosophy

When reason ends, faith beings :: Thomas Aquinas

\ The Philosophical Enterprise

  1. Prevailing situation of belief
  2. Question, Criticized, Analyze, Synthesize, Evaluate, Judge
  3. New way of seeing, believing, and doing things

\ 4 cases; The case of

  1. Job
  2. Karl Marx
  3. Jonathan Livingston Seagull
  4. Mythology and Greek Philosophers

\ Purpose of Philosophizing

  1. Theologian

       1. St. Augustine ; St. Thomas

             1. Explain and justify religions points of view

  1. Scientist

       1. Rene ; Descartes

             1. Interpret meaning and importance of scientific discovered and theories

  1. Politician

       1. John Locke ; Karl Marx

             1. Make changes in the political organization and society

\ Quinque viae :: Five ways

St. Thomas Aquinas

  1. Motion :: since everything that moves is moved by another, there must thereby exist an Unmoved Mover.
  2. Causality :: The sequence of causes which make up this universe must have a First Cause
  3. Contingency :: Since all existent things depend upon other things for their existence, there must exist at least one thing that is not dependent and so is a Necessary Being.
  4. Gradation of Perfection :: Since all existent things can be compared to such qualities as degrees of goodness, there must exist something that is an Absolutely Good Being.
  5. Governance of Nature :: Also named “The Teleological Argument”— The intricate design and order of existent things and natural processes imply that a Great Designer exists.

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