Intro 1: What and why of  Ø

Ø :: PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy :: sum total of one’s thinking about life which shapes one’s attitude and affect’s one action; lover of wisdom

 :: science of all things/beings, through their first causes, under the life of natural reason

:: human, social activity, man’s perennial and disinterested search of intelligible structure of the totality of being

Philos :: love, friend

Sophia :: Wisdom, knowledge

Philosopos :: Lover of Wisdom

Definition

De + Finire :: “to put limit/ limitation or boundary”

De :: to put

Finire ::Limitation or Boundary

Definition of Philosophy

  1. Nominal Definition or Etymological Definition
  2. Real Definition
  3. Explanation Definition

Divisions or Branches of Philosophy

  1. Pure Philosophy
  2. Applied Philosophy

Pure Philosophy

  1. Metaphysics :: being considered in itself

   

  1. Ontology :: in its most general form
  2. Cosmology :: in the non-living world
  3. in the living world

       1. Theodicy :: God 2. Man

          1. Anthropology :: Soul and Body 2. Psychology :: Soul

  1. being considered in relation to us

   

  1. to our thought

       1. Logic :: its procedure
2. Epistemology :: its value

  1. Ethics - to our will

Applied Philosophy

Pure philosophy :: applied to special topics and problems of education

Logic :: Correct Thinking

Theology and Philosophy

Theology :: Faith ; to believe is to see

Philosophy :: Reason; to see is to believe

Truth :: Common objective of theology and philosophy

When reason ends, faith beings :: Thomas Aquinas

The Philosophical Enterprise

  1. Prevailing situation of belief
  2. Question, Criticized, Analyze, Synthesize, Evaluate, Judge
  3. New way of seeing, believing, and doing things

4 cases; The case of

  1. Job
  2. Karl Marx
  3. Jonathan Livingston Seagull
  4. Mythology and Greek Philosophers

Purpose of Philosophizing

  1. Theologian

   

  1. St. Augustine ; St. Thomas

       1. Explain and justify religions points of view

  1. Scientist

   

  1. Rene ; Descartes

       1. Interpret meaning and importance of scientific discovered and theories

  1. Politician

   

  1. John Locke ; Karl Marx

       1. Make changes in the political organization and society

Quinque viae :: Five ways

St. Thomas Aquinas

  1. Motion :: since everything that moves is moved by another, there must thereby exist an Unmoved Mover.
  2. Causality :: The sequence of causes which make up this universe must have a First Cause
  3. Contingency :: Since all existent things depend upon other things for their existence, there must exist at least one thing that is not dependent and so is a Necessary Being.
  4. Gradation of Perfection :: Since all existent things can be compared to such qualities as degrees of goodness, there must exist something that is an Absolutely Good Being.
  5. Governance of Nature :: Also named “The Teleological Argument”— The intricate design and order of existent things and natural processes imply that a Great Designer exists.