andrew jackson

  • democratic 1800s trends:

    • changed from property qualification for voting to taxpayer qualification/none for white men

    • party nominating committees

    • spoils system

    • popular campaigning

    • 2-party system returns in 1832: Whigs vs. Democrats

  • jackson’s early life

    • tennessee

    • creek war

    • duels

    • battle of new orleans → Old Hickory

    • first seminole war → Adam-Onis Treaty (boundary line between US and Spanish America)

  • first presidential run in 1824

    • common man

    • against Clay, Quincy Adams, Calhoun, and Crawford

    • corrupt bargain → jackson wins popular vote, but election was stolen by the corrupt eastern aristocrats

  • 1828

    • jackson’s wife hadn’t divorced her previous husband before marrying jackson

    • jackson wins

    • population center moves west

  • jackson coalition

    • frontier

    • state politians (spoils system)

    • immigrants

    • self-made man!!

  • becomes cranky after his wife’s death

  • as a common man, he distrusts eastern establishments, monopolies, and special privileges

  • president shii

    • petticoat affair/peggy eaton affair

      • ostracization of peggy eaton because she wasn’t high class → Jackson defends her

    • webster-hayne debate: is the US a ton of sovereign states or one single unified state?

    • tariff of 1828/abominations to get northern voters → tariff of 1832 renews it

      • South Carolina + Calhoun: Ordinance of Nullification

        • Force Bill

        • gradual reduction of the tariff

    • indian removal act (1830)

      • cherokee nation v. ga (1831): tribes are domestic dependent nations, not foreign nations

      • worcester v. ga (1832): state doesn’t have authority to legislate cherokee’s land or people

      • trail of tears (1838-39)

    • second bank: deposits federal government revenues and stabilizes money supply from state banks (by having to use hard currency)

      • not all people can get hard currency, so some want paper bank notes

      • biddle and clay try to renew the charter early → Jackson vetoes it

      • 1832, Jackson wins the election by a lot

      • taney removes funds from the bank and puts it into pet banks

    • clay creates the whig party because people feel like jackson is a tyrant

  • 1836

    • van buren

    • second bank is gone → speculation causes bank notes to lose value, credit is unavailable, less land sales, businesses fail, unemployment rises → panic of 1837