Chinese Finals Vocabulary Review
Vocabulary Related to Food and Fruit
The materials provide a focused list of vocabulary pertaining to various types of fruit. This includes the Mandarin Chinese terms for apples, which is written as 舑果 (p ngguǒ), and grapes, represented as 萄萄 (pùtáo). Other common fruits mentioned include the orange, known as 橙子 (chéngzi), and the banana, referred to as 香蕉 (xiāngjiāo). Additionally, the term for mango is provided as 芒果 (mángguǒ).
Social Expressions and Common Phrases
A significant portion of the review covers essential social interactions and polite expressions used in daily conversation. The phrase 太好了 (tài hăo le) is used to express that something is "too good" or "excellent." For apologies and social etiquette, the transcript lists 抱歉 (bàoqiàn), which means "apology" or "to feel sorry," and the corresponding response 没关系 (méi guānxi), meaning "it doesn't matter" or "it's okay." Another polite response included is 不客气 (bú kèqi), translated as "you're welcome."
General greetings and functional phrases are also detailed. The basic thank you is 谢谢 (xièxie), and the specific "thank you" directed at someone is 谢谢你 (Xièxie nǐ). When welcoming someone into a space, the phrase 请进 (Qǐngjān), meaning "please come in," is utilized. To inquire about the meaning of something, one would ask 什么意思? (Shénme yìsi?), which translates to "What does it mean?" or "What is the meaning?" Additionally, the phrase 怎么说? (Zēnme shuō?) is used to ask "How do you say [it]?"
Classroom Actions and Study Routines
The transcript identifies specific activities associated with learning and classroom environments. These include 翻译句子 (fānyì jùzi) for translating sentences, 念生词 (niàn shēngcí) for reading new vocabulary words aloud, 写汉字 (xiě Hànzi) for the physical act of writing Chinese characters, and 听录音 (tīng lùyīn) for listening to audio recordings.
There is also a clear distinction between different phases of the study process. 学习 (xüéxí) is the general term for studying or learning. 预习 (yùxí) refers specifically to previewing or preparing lessons in advance. 复习 (fùxí) denotes reviewing material that has already been taught, and 练习 (liànxí) refers to practicing the material to gain proficiency.
Academic Subjects and University Terminology
University life and academic disciplines are extensively cataloged. General university terms include 开学 (kāixué) for the starting of a new school term, 介绍 (jièshào) for introducing someone or something, and 认识 (rènshi) for getting to know or recognizing someone. Descriptive terms for university organization include 系 (xì) for department, 院 (yuàn) for college or institute, and 层 (céng) for floor or level within a building. The term 号 (hào) is used for numbers, such as room or date numbers.
Specific fields of study mentioned include 哲学 (zhéxüé) for philosophy, 经济 (jīngjì) for economics, 教育 (jiàoyù) for education, and 音丐 (yīnyuè) for music. Other subjects listed are 文学 (wénxué) for literature, 羠术 (měishù) for fine arts, 物理 (wùlĠ) for physics, and 历史 (lìshǐ) for history.
Locations and Campus Facilities
The review contains vocabulary for various locations, primarily those found on or near a university campus. These include the 足球场 (zúqiúchăng) or soccer field, the 实验室 (shíyànshì) or laboratory, and the 图书馆 (túshūguăn) or library. Other indoor spaces include the 分公室 (bàngōngshì) for an office, and 食堂 (shítáng) for a canteen or dining hall. Outside the immediate campus, the transcript mentions 医院 (yīyuàn) for hospital. In a structural sense, 室 (shì) generally refers to a room, and 场 (chăng) refers to a field or courtyard.
Question Words and Grammatical Particles
Fundamental question words and particles essential for constructing sentences are a core part of the finals review. The question words provided are 什么 (shénme) for "what," 谁 or 谁 (shéi) for "who," 哪儿 (năr) for "where," 怎么样 (zēnmeyàng) for "how" or "how is it," and 什么时候 (shénme shíhou) for "when." The word 几 (jĭ) is used to ask "how many."
Grammatical particles mentioned include 吗 (ma), which is used at the end of a sentence to turn a statement into a question, and 呢 (ne), which is used for elliptical questions (e.g., "and you?") or to indicate a state. The review also includes the adverbs 也 (yě) meaning "also" or "too," and 都 (dōū) meaning "all" or "both."
Descriptive Adjectives and States of Being
Various adjectives describe physical states, emotions, and characteristics. For physical and mental states, the list includes 忙 (máng) for busy, 累 (lèi) for tired, 早 (zăo) for early, 晚 (wăn) for late, and 快 (kuài) for fast. Emotional states include 高兴 (gāoxìng) for happy or glad. Other descriptive terms include 漂亮 (piàoliang) for pretty or beautiful, 可爱 (kě'ài) for cute, and 有意思 (yǒu yìsi) for interesting. The term 特别 (tèbié) is used as an adverb or adjective meaning "special" or "especially."
Professional Occupations
The review lists several high-level professional roles. These include 教授 (jiàoshòu) for professor, 记者 (jìzhě) for reporter or journalist, 医生 (yīshēng) for doctor, and 律师 (lǜshī) for lawyer. Additionally, the term 工程师 (gōngchéngshī) identifies an engineer, and 助教 (zhùjiào) identifies a teaching assistant.
Weather and Adverbial Connectors
Weather conditions are categorized by the type of day: 晴天 (qíngtiān) refers to a sunny day, 阴天 (yīntiān) refers to an overcast or cloudy day, 雨天 (yǔtiān) refers to a rainy day, and 冷天 (lěngtiān) refers to a cold day.
Connecting words and adverbs of time/logic include 还 (hái) for "also" or "still," 再 (zài) for "again," 已经 (yǐjīng) for "already," 当然 (dāngrán) for "of course," and 还是 (háishi) for "or" (typically used in questions). The phrase 有没有 (yǒu méi yǒu) is used to ask "have or have not" or "is there or is there not."
Nominal Measure Words
Chinese measure words, which are required when using numbers with nouns, are listed as part of the linguistic requirements. These include 个 (gè), the general measure word; 张 (zhāng), used for flat objects like paper or tables; 本 (bēn), used for bound items like books; and 支 (zhī), used for long, thin, inflexible objects like pens.