The discussion opens with a focus on food and trade, specifically relating to how fish is bought and sold, mentioning the transportation of fish to Japan and its return via other means.
The speaker, Daniel Goldstein, is introduced as a professor of anthropology at Rutgers University.
Personal Background in Anthropology
Early Interest in Anthropology:
Goldstein was an undergraduate anthropology major.
Initially explored other academic disciplines before settling on anthropology.
His attraction to studying anthropology stemmed from a desire to travel and explore different cultures.
He emphasizes a classical reason many anthropologists are drawn to the field: the attraction to unfamiliar places and lives.
Evolution of Understanding:
Goldstein acknowledges that while he was initially drawn to anthropology for the exoticism of other cultures, his understanding of the discipline has evolved.
The realization that exoticism can exist in one’s own culture brings a deeper understanding to anthropology.
Definition of Anthropology
Goldstein conceptualizes anthropology as:
Global Nature: It reflects the interconnectedness of the modern world rather than merely studying distant 'exotic' cultures.
Relative Concept of Strange: Recognizes that what is considered 'strange' is relative and that local cultures hold complexities that are as rich as those found abroad.
Access through Engagement: Anthropology provides insight into people's lives through direct engagement and empathy, moving away from quantitative research.
Transnational Aspects of Anthropology
Local vs Global:
Goldstein emphasizes that anthropology encompasses both local and global dimensions, highlighting how global processes manifest locally.
Example of Human Rights:
Human rights discourse is tied to global institutions like the UN.
Fieldwork in a marginal Bolivian community revealed differing local interpretations of human rights compared to those discussed at the global level.
The concept is vernacularized through local terminology and understandings, which can influence broader discussions.
Example of Security:
Security is a major concern worldwide but has diverse meanings in local contexts.
In the Bolivian community, security issues revolve around personal safety from crime rather than national security concerns.
Field Research in Bolivia
Initial Attraction to Bolivia:
Goldstein was drawn to Bolivia due to a fellowship to study the Quechua language.
Community Dynamics:
He notes significant socio-political changes in Cochabamba, with an influx of former miners resulting in community reorganization amidst migration.
Adaptation of Research Focus:
Originally focused on migration from rural to urban areas.
Impactful Events:
A lynching incident caught his attention, which brought up critical issues related to crime, justice, legal access, and community responses to crime.
The event significantly influenced his research direction, aligning with emerging themes of policing and community justice.
He observed an increase in lynchings, leading to profound questions about crime and justice in marginalized communities, shaping his thesis and future work.