Health and Wellness -1000

Health and Wellness

  • Instructor: Elayna Bronson, MSN, RN, Normandale Community College

    • The presentation contains various licensed images relevant to the material being taught.

Objectives

After completing the class, students will be able to:

  • Define health, wellness, and illness.

  • Summarize the role of nurses in promoting health and preventing illness.

  • Identify nursing interventions to promote health throughout the lifespan.

  • Compare and contrast acute illness and chronic illness.

  • Explain the levels of preventive care and identify examples of each.

  • Helpful Hint: Objectives are what we want you to know and will likely be testing on, so pay attention to them!

Definitions
Health

  • Definition: The term health refers to a comprehensive view of physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being.

    • Health is not simply the absence of disease or illness.

    • It is a multifaceted concept encompassing various aspects of a person’s life.

Wellness

  • Definition: Wellness is the active pursuit of activities, choices, and lifestyles that lead to a state of holistic health.

    • The dimensions of wellness are interrelated and affect each other in various ways.

    • Neglecting any one dimension over time can adversely affect health, well-being, and quality of life.

Disease

  • Definition: A medical term that refers to pathologic changes in the structure or function of the body or mind.

Illness

  • Definition: The response of a person to a disease; it involves a change in the person’s level of functioning compared to a previous level.

Health Variables
External Variables

  • Factors include:

    • Environmental quality (air, water)

    • Exposure to toxins

    • Access to healthcare

    • Socioeconomic status

    • Social support networks

    • Cultural practices

    • Community safety

    • Stress levels from work/life situations

    • Exposure to infectious diseases

Internal Variables

  • Factors include:

    • Genetics

    • Hormones

    • Immune system function

    • Mental state

    • Stress levels

    • Lifestyle choices (diet, exercise)

    • Personal health beliefs

    • Physiological factors (blood pressure, cholesterol levels, body composition)

Review from Last Week – What is Nursing?

  • Nursing is defined as a profession that focuses on:

    • The holistic person receiving health care services

    • Provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health

Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness

  • The nurse's role includes assessing, diagnosing, and planning to promote health and well-being through interventions.

What is Health Promotion?

  • Definition: A behavior motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential.

  • Importance: Health promotion is essential because it enhances individuals' abilities to achieve optimal health.

What is a Nursing Intervention?

  • Definition: Nursing interventions are the treatments and actions performed to help patients reach their goals.

  • Purpose: Health interventions are acts performed for, with, or on behalf of a person or population to:

    • Assess

    • Improve

    • Maintain

    • Promote

    • Modify health

Nursing Interventions to Promote Health Through the Lifespan
Before Conception

  • Interventions include:

    • Comprehensive health assessment

    • Nutrition counseling

    • Lifestyle counseling

    • Risk assessment and management

    • Mental health support

    • Education and empowerment

    • Referrals and coordination of care

Before Birth

  • Interventions include:

    • Health education

    • Nutrition

    • Chronic disease management

    • Vaccination

    • Family planning for future pregnancies

    • Mental health support

    • STI prevention

    • Oral health promotion

Infants and Toddlers

  • Interventions include:

    • Education about breastfeeding

    • Dietary education

    • Safety measures

    • Growth monitoring

    • Developmental milestones

    • Community resources

    • Education about illnesses/diseases

School Age Children

  • Interventions include:

    • Nutrition

    • Physical activity

    • Screen time management

    • Hygiene

    • Mental health activities

    • Sleep education

    • Health screenings (secondary prevention)

    • Education about illnesses

Adolescents

  • Interventions include:

    • Education about sexual/reproductive health

    • Nutrition and physical activity

    • Substance abuse prevention

    • Violence/gun safety education

    • Mental health awareness

    • Vaccinations

    • Sleep hygiene

    • Online safety education

Adults and Older Adults

  • Interventions include:

    • Staying active

    • Nutrition guidance

    • Sleep hygiene

    • Medication management/adherence

    • Social engagements

    • Mental health support

    • Cognitive function assessments

    • Fall prevention strategies

Morbidity vs. Mortality
Morbidity

  • Definition: Refers to how frequently a disease occurs.

    • Example: 8% of adults over age 18 currently have asthma (CDC, 2021).

Mortality

  • Definition: Indicates the number of deaths resulting from a disease.

    • Example: Deaths caused by asthma per 1,000,000 = 10.6 (CDC, 2021).

Acute vs. Chronic Illness

Differences

  • Acute Illness:

    • Rapid onset (happens quickly)

    • Relatively short duration

    • Some may be life-threatening

    • Some do not require medical treatment

  • Chronic Illness:

    • Permanent changes and require long-term care/support

    • Requires special patient education for rehabilitation

Levels of Preventative Care

  • Primary: Focus on prevention and promotion of health.

  • Secondary: Focus on screening and early detection of diseases.

  • Tertiary: Focus on treatment of existing disorders.

Parts of a Medication Order

  • Key components include:

    • Name of the drug

    • Dose of the drug (how much medication should be given)

    • Route of administration (oral, IV, IM, etc.)

    • Frequency of administration (how far apart doses should be given)

    • Time (when the medication should be given)

Example of a Complete Medication Order

  • "Give 500 mg Acetaminophen PO q6h PRN for mild pain 1-3"

Basic Formula for Dosage Calculation

  • Formula: (DH)×V=A(\frac{D}{H}) \times V = A

    • Where:

    • $D$ = Desired dose

    • $H$ = Medication on Hand

    • $V$ = Volume the Medication is Available In

    • $A$ = Amount of Medication Required for Administration

  • Example:

    • Desired dose: 150 mg

    • Medication on Hand: 300 mg/tab

    • Volume: 100 mg/5 mL

    • A=150 mg300 mg×1 tab=0.5 tabsA = \frac{150 \text{ mg}}{300 \text{ mg}} \times 1 \text{ tab} = 0.5 \text{ tabs}

Dimensional Analysis Example

  • Scenario: Administer digoxin 0.5 mg IV daily.

  • Concentration Available: Digoxin 0.25 mg/mL.

  • Calculation:

    • mL=0.5 mg0.25 mg/mL=2 mL\text{mL} = \frac{0.5 \text{ mg}}{0.25 \text{ mg/mL}} = 2 \text{ mL}

    • Answer: Administer 2 mL of digoxin daily.

Conversions

  • Important Conversions include:

    • 1 mg=1000 mcg1 \text{ mg} = 1000 \text{ mcg}

    • 1 gm=1000 mg1 \text{ gm} = 1000 \text{ mg}

    • 1 L=1000 mL1 \text{ L} = 1000 \text{ mL}

    • 1 mL=1 cc1 \text{ mL} = 1 \text{ cc}

    • 5 mL=1 Tsp5 \text{ mL} = 1 \text{ Tsp}

    • 15 mL=1 Tbsp15 \text{ mL} = 1 \text{ Tbsp}

    • 30 mL=1 oz30 \text{ mL} = 1 \text{ oz}

    • 3 Tsp=1 Tbsp3 \text{ Tsp} = 1 \text{ Tbsp}

    • 1 oz=2 Tbsp1 \text{ oz} = 2 \text{ Tbsp}

    • 8 oz=1 cup8 \text{ oz} = 1 \text{ cup}

    • 1 kg=1000 gm(g)1 \text{ kg} = 1000 \text{ gm} (g)

    • 1 kg=2.2 lbs1 \text{ kg} = 2.2 \text{ lbs}

Conclusion

  • Reflection: Being a nurse transcends academic knowledge; it embodies emotional, compassionate interactions with patients during their most vulnerable moments.

  • We emphasize empathy, dignity, and the human aspect of nursing.

Final Note

  • Reminder: Go take care of YOURSELF!

  • The presentation concludes here.