AMSCO AP world 5.3-5.5
Key term/event | Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters) | |
Shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia | End of the seventeenth century, shipbuilding grew because of political alliances, but under British officials’ mismanagement of resources and ineffective leadership led to the decline of shipbuilding in India. | |
Iron Works in India | Company Rule (time) The British East India Company controlled parts of the Indian subcontinent, and there was a high tariff from the British that led to india’s ability to mine and work with metals decline, mines began to close by British want Arms Act of 1878 When there was fear of another uprising which led to the British restricting access to minerals and firearm production Lack of innovation led to…led to lots of mines being abandoned and the mining industry to become extinct | |
Textile Production in India and Egypt | The first states to become involved in textile production and trade. British colonization affected the textile production in India because in India, the industry of textile was successful, but it undermined the British textile mills, so the British government was pressured by the British mill owners to add a tax on textiles made at more that 80 mills. Egypt’s textile was difficult because they were not able to match the production of Europe, they usually sent carpets, silks, and other textiles, but Europe textile production made Egypt’s textile production decline | |
Muhammad Ali’s development of a cotton textile industry in Egypt | Used money from cotton for government to make factories helped egypt profit | |
5.3| Industrial Revolution Begins
Objective | Key Developments | ||||||||||||||||||||
Explain how environmental factors contributed to industrialization from 1750 - 1900. | Define Industrialization Industrialization is when there is an increase in production using machines List the roots of industrialization:
List how the industrial revolution impacted society:
Agricultural Improvements Define Agricultural Revolution Where before the industrial revolution, crop productivity was increased What was the impact of crop rotation and the seed drill? Crop rotation and the seed drill effectively placed seeds in good ground to increase the food production Why were populations growing with industrialization? What did a bigger population mean? Populations grew with industrialization because as there were more food to feed people, it allowed for the threshold for the amount of people that could be supported to increase, there was improved medical care, the mortality rate of infants declined, which allowed for more people to be able to work in different factories and make a market of manufactured goods Preindustrial Societies What was life like for most British families at this time? British families at the time mostly lived in rural areas and grew their own food and made their own clothes. Fabric was usually spun by people at home Describe the impact of Indian Cotton on Great Britain: Cotton was in high demand, and the demand was not able to keep up in Britain, but imports were. Britain built its own cotton cloth industry to compete with Indian cotton. Define Cottage Industry. A system where merchants provided raw cotton to women who would then spin the cloth in their homes. People were not paid much at home What was the impact of this industry on women? Women did not get paid much, but it gave them some independence and the benefit of being near their children What was the major drawback to cottage industries? The industry was slow and investors wanted a quicker production, which led to developments to make cloth more efficient Growth of Technology
Name and define the system that Interchangeable parts led to: Division of labor was the system that followed interchangeable parts, it was where factory owners had workers only focus on one specific type of task Define Specialization of Labor: Where each worker focused only on a specific task and not everything Britain’s Industrial Advantages Summarize WHY the following things were advantages for Great Britain during the time of Industrialization:
Growing Population and Urbanization What two shifts in society took place as agricultural production increased?
Define the enclosure movement: when the government closed off common fields to only allow exclusive use for people who paid or purchased the land What was the effect of the enclosure movement on farmers? Led to farmers owning no land and losing money, lead to them moving to urban areas |
5.4| Industrialization Spreads
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain how different modes and locations of production have developed and changed over time. | What replaced Great Britain’s Cottage industry? The Industrial industry replaced the cottage industry What three things did nations that were able to industrialize have in common?
Spread of Industrialization France and Germany Why was the industrial revolution delayed in France (two reasons)? France’s urban centers were not very populated, which limited amount of labor that would support factories, and the French Revolution took the attention and capital of France’s elites Why was Germany slow to industrialize? Germany was slower to industrialize because it was split into many smaller states The United States Define Human Capital workforce Who provided this human capital for the United States? Migrants from U.S. rural areas and immigrants from Europe and East Asia (immigrated over because of political problems and poverty) Russia Russia focused primarily on Steel The trans-Siberian railroad connected Moscow and Pacific Ocean. What was the impact of the trans-Siberian railway? Allowed for Russia to trade with East Asia more easily What other Russian industries grew at this time? Agricultural industry Japan Define Defensive Modernization and summarize how Japan used it in the 19th century. Defensive modernization is where one consciously takes in and adapts to tech and institutions located in Europe and U.S. to protect traditional culture Shifts in Manufacturing Summarize how the following regions experienced a manufacturing decline (what was the system, why did it decline, what was the impact, etc.)
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5.5| Technology in the Industrial Age
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain how technology shaped economic production over time. | Describe why the distribution of goods was able to take place as the Industrial Revolution spread. The distribution of goods was able to take place as the industrial revolution spread because there were new inventions and ways to travel like the steam engine, internal combustion engine, powering railroads, ships, and factories allowed for easier access to resources What was the second industrial revolution? Came later in the 19 and 20th century and involved chemicals, precision machinery, electronics, and steel. What made instantaneous communication a reality? Electrification The Coal revolution Why was coal power to significant, and what major innovations used it? Coal power was important because it became a new power source. The steam engine used coal Water Transportation Steamships revolutionized sailing. List the advantages to coal powered steam engines:
What is a coaling station? Places where ships could refuel their steam ships with more coal Describe the evolution and significance of Iron: Coal made iron to be produced quicker A Second Industrial Revolution List the innovations from the first industrial revolution: Textiles, steam power, iron List the innovations from the second industrial revolution: Steel, chemicals, precision machinery, electronics The mass production of steel was made possible because of the Bessemer Process which allowed steel to become the strong and versatile backbone of industrial society. Describe the significant innovations that were possible due to oil: Kerosene, used to light and for heaters, extracted from petroleum (from plant and animal remains), precision machinery, internal combustion engine, automobile, airplane tech, gas and fuel became more needed Electricity was dependent on: Effective electrical generator Describe the impact the following individuals had on communications:
Global Trade and Migration What made exploration and communication possible? Railroads, steamships, and the telegraph The Telegraph allowed immediate communication. The Transcontinental railroad connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and facilitated US industrial growth. What contributed to the development of the US as an industrial nation? The ability to transport more efficiently What linked different types of people globally? Products from industrialization like the railroad, steamship, and telegraph more directly linked farmers, miners, manufacturers, customers, and investors across the glove Industrialized countries sought to protect what by doing what? Access to resources and markets by making colonies Why were interior regions of the globe opened up to exploration and migration? They were opened up to exploration and migration because of railroads, steamships, and the telegraph opened up exploration and migration |