mind map of dates during the Cold War and events that happened too

the cold war 1945 - 1976

1945

the confrence at yalta

which discussed

where the leaders were going to discuss the conditions in which the USSR would enter the war against japan

and agreed that inexchange the USSR would be given back lost territory from japan during the 1904 russo-japanese war and outer mongolia would become part of the soviet sphere of influence

what the fate of germany would be

only uncondidtional surrender

separate peace was forbidden

germany and berlin would be split into 4 occupation zones and shared between britan, france, the USA and the USSR

germanys eastern boarder would move westwards

and reparations in kind of $20 billion and half would go the the USSR

the future of poland

a provisional government would be established consisting of the london poles and the lublin poles

and free and fair elections would be held ASAP

the establishment of the united nations

initially going to consist of all the states at war with germany

the security council would consist of 5 permenent members each with a power of veto

basically veto is if any one of the five permanent members cast a negative vote in the 15-member Security Council, the resolution or decision would not be approved

1945

tensions between the east and the west increased

the west was concerned that the USSR wanted polands western frountier moved into germany and the german population removed

they also disagreeded over how much germany should pay in reparations, stalin wanted a fixed sum that the west thought was too large and the desision was postponed

the potsdam confrence

the details of the zones in germany were finalised and the nazi party and its leadrs were tried as war criminals

for reparations each power was to collect industrial equipment from it zone, since its zone was mainly agricultural the USSR was to recive additional reparations from other zones

polands western boundary was to be along a line created by the oder and nessie rivers

germans living in poland,hungary, and czechoslovakia were able to return to germany

after rooseveld had died a guy named harry truman had become the president of america and attended the potsdam meeting.

and chirchill who had attened earlier on in potsdam had been replaced by a guy named clement attlee after the labour victory in the general elections

the usa develops the first atom bomb

it was an unprecedented, top-secret World War II government program in which the United States rushed to develop and deploy the world's first atomic weapons before Nazi Germany.

1946

churchil described how an "iron curtain" was developing in europe separating the soviet style statess and the capitalist states

between 1945 -1948 the USSR would impose communist govs in many countries

1. poland -> 1947

2. bulgaria -> 1947

3. romania -> 1947

4. hungary -> 1948

5. czechoslovakia -> 1948

between 1945 -1949 truman had adopted this policy called containment this involed using the power and wealth of the USA to stop the spread of communism throught europe and the world

1947

the truman doctrine

truman promisedd to help any countries under threat or in danger who wanted to resist subjugation against their will

the marshall plan

named after a guy named george marshall this was a plan made inorder to help rebuild europe and other struggling countries using US funds.

stalin refused this and told the other communist states that they were not allowed to. and in response to this marshall aim stalin had created the COMINFORM (1949) and COMECON (1949)

Cominform coordinated communist parties, ensuring adherence to Soviet policies,

while Comecon countered the Marshall Plan by economically uniting Eastern bloc countries.

1948

june 24th the berlin blockade

when germany was separted into 4 parts, including its capital. it became a problem for stalins image as berlin west and west germany was flourishing in comparims to the eastern side

the allies wanted to introduce a new currency into germnay as a way to use only one currency instead of 4 this was called the Deutsche Mark (DM)

after stalin refused this as in his eyes it was considered western money and if he were to use it, it ment that he would have to obide by the trade rules associated with the currency and country

the 3 allies then secretly merged their statess together this making stalin feel over all threatened. and so inorder to get rid of them he had cut off the electricity and gas mains as well as any roads and rail that lead outside of west berlin

leaving the people in west belin to painck as they were going to starve. but the allies helped them out by carring out opperation vittles or (the berlin air lift) where they would use plains to fly in supplies like food, blankets, coal and oil.

however stalin was thretening them that if they even entered his section of belin they would be shot down immidiatley.

the opperation was a success as only 11 months later in may 1949 did stalin lift the blockade as he could. clearly see it wasnt working

1949

the founing of NATO

the USA took the lead in the millitary alliance of non-communist countries in europe and norh america. NATO ( north atlantic treaty organisation) and all members agreed to defend themselfs in soviet attack

the creation of COMECON

in january the USSR developed this as a response to marshall aid plan by setting up a trading bloc of all the communist countries, (council for mutual economic aid)

A trading bloc is a group of countries that work together to provide special deals for trading. This promotes trade between specific countries within the bloc.

the setting up of west germany

when the USSR took much controll over eastern europe, america moved towards the setting up of a pro-western state in the britiah,french and american zones in germany. and was known as the federal republic of gemany

the setting up of east germany

after the official establishement of the federal republic of germany the soviest responded by turning their zone into the german democratic republic

which was extreamly ironic as they were not a democratic governmnet

the soviet atom bomb

after the americans had created their first atomic bomb and built up their collection of atomic weapons. the soviet scientists were ordered to create one of their own and they did

this put both nations on equal playing ground

china became communist

and communist china became under the rule of chairman Mao. chaning the dynamic of the cold war as china and russia became a very powerful force to be reconed with

1950

by this time the cold war had spread out of europe and into korea

the UN had divided korea into north and south in order to over see the removal of japanese forces as korea had once been taken over by japan. and so that they can unite eventually and free elections would be held to have their new govenment and independance

was divided at the 38th parallel

the north would be communist ruled by kim ill sung, and the south would be democratic ruled by Syngman Rhee

kim realised that if the elections were to be held he was going to lose and he really wanted to rule korea as a comunist hole.

so he planned to invade south korea. but first got the appproval of both mao and stalin. bulding up their army with heavy artillary, tanks and planes from the USSR. to the point where their army was much stronger than the souths

he then invaded soth korea pushing them all the wasy back to pusan.

the UN had held a confrence in june without the soveit rep of the security council, becuse the USSR was boycotting the UN for not allowing china to be on the security council. but a jugement was passed 10 days later and troops were organised to go help

the troops were mainly american stationed in japan, the troops were led by general mac arthur

mac arthur launched a 2 pronged attck on the enemy and led a sketchy seaborne attack on the west coast of ichon. managing to push the northkoreans back across the 38th paralell

he pushed them way too far at one point in october and november edging all the way up to the chinese boarder and the yalu river

the chinese got scared of a possible invasion in januray 1951 and led a massive offensive attack on the troops driving them back past the 38 paralell picking up the north korean troops along the way

the UN lines were evntually stabalised on the 37th paralell but small fight were still going on to gain a bit more territory

negotiations at panumjom took 2 years in 1953

the results of the war

4 million koreans were killed north, south and civillians

55,000 soldiers died and 30,000 of them were american

showed that the UN had failed in their objctive of untiting an independent korea

it was the first war that america hadnt won as the agreemnet ended woth a plebicite

china considered it a win

north and south korea remain the same as a bitter reminder of the UNs failiure

june 24th the berlin blockade

when germany was separted into 4 parts, including its capital. it became a problem for stalins image as berlin west and west germany was flourishing in comparims to the eastern side

the allies wanted to introduce a new currency into germnay as a way to use only one currency instead of 4 this was called the Deutsche Mark (DM)

after stalin refused this as in his eyes it was considered western money and if he were to use it, it ment that he would have to obide by the trade rules associated with the currency and country

however stalin was thretening them that if they even entered his section of belin they would be shot down immidiatley.

the opperation was a success as only 11 months later in may 1949 did stalin lift the blockade as he could. clearly see it wasnt working

1953

stalin died of natural causes

and marshall tito was elected as president of yougoslavaia

1954

vietnam war beginning

before WW1 veitnem,cambodia and laos were a french colony aand called french indo china. and when germany defeated france in 1940 the french withdrew and the ara was then occupied by the japanese

the poeple fought a gurellia war and chased the japs out and the french wanted their colony back againn but the people fought a gureilla war against them and was victorious at the battle of dien bien phu

the land was divided into 3 laos, cambodia and vietnam. where vietnam was divided into 2 north and south same situation as korea really

the south was ran by a corrupt capitalist man called diem

diem was hated on as he was super corrupt and the money that was supposed to be used for rebuilding the country was linig the pockes of him and his friends

he would also prosecute the monks that lived there and became a real big problem

the north was run by a communist leader called ho chi min

at this rate it was crystal that ho chi min would win the elections if diem didnt fix himself.

and america started to make up excuses to by time so that diem could pull up his socks and be a good leader so that he wouldnt lose in the 1959 elections.

eventually ho chi min thretened to invade if they wouldnt make up their minds

in 1959 the north began to assist the pesant monks in the south in training them in gureilla activities. they didnt mind who was leading the as long as they allowed them to live their traditionalist life styles

1959

the bay of pigs invasion fails

before this cuba was under american supervision but in reality it was a playground for the rich americans to do all thir illegal activvities. and was governed by a corrupt man named batista.

batista was soon overthrown by a guy named fidel castro promised to end the american corruption and make cuba great again. which he did.

the govenment was furious by this and wanted cuba back. and president eisenhower led this opperation to try and reclaim cuba. by faking a popualr revolution made up by gurella trained forces up of the exiled cubans

when kennedy came along he gave this plan the yes! and off the troops went and as they reached the shores of the bay of pigs they were captured and shot at by castros army as he had found out about this plan and preped for it.

the results. castro [araded the captured troops. and after months in jail the US decided to strike a deal in exchange for the prisoners they would provide cuba with $53 million dollars worth of baby food and medicine.