Fundamental Unit of Life

1665, Hooke - first observation of cells (cork)

1674 Leeuwenhoek - observed living cells

1831, Brown - discovered the nucleus

1839, Purkinje - Protoplasm

1855, Virtchow - all cells arise from pre-existing cells

1940 - creation of electron microscope

ATP - Adenosine triphosphate

Camillo Golgi - discovered golgi apparatus

Cell Theory - Schleiden + Schwann

chromosomes - DNA + protein

diffusion - Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

endocytosis - process of engulfing food + other material from the external environment due to the flexibility of the cell membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum - large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets

functions of nucleus - determines the way the cell will develop and what form it will exist in when it is mature by directing the chemical activity of the cell

Golgi apparatus - system of membrane bound vesicles/sacs arranged approximately parallel to eachother in stacks called cisterns

Meiosis - two consecutive, for gametes Mitochondria - own DNA, forms its own proteins, releases energy in the form of ATP molecules

Mitosis - mother cell divides to form 2 daughter cells, for growth + repair

need for cell reproduction - reproduction, growth, replacing dead cells organelle - specific components that perform special functions in the cell and together constitute the cell osmosis - Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

plasmolysis - phenomenon in which a living plant cell loses water through osmosis and there is shrinkage of the contents of the cell away from the cell wall

 plastids - have their own DNA + ribosomes

RER - manufacturing and transportation of proteins

SER - manufacturing and transportation of fats + lipids

 unicellular organisms - amoeba, paramoecium, bacteria, chlamydomona

vacuoles - act as stomachs