Tudor Rebellion notes

religion

religion- pilgrimage of grace (1536)

course of rebellion

• Began in Yorkshire

• Fear of closure of 100 monasteries

• Rebels argued that a range of social and economic services would have been affected, the poor and children’s education would decline, and spiritual teaching provided by monks

• monks joined the rebels

• Rebels concerned with by reduction of holy days and recent assault on pilgrimage and saints

• Carrying of banner of the 5 wounds of Christ - showing it is mainly a religious rebellion

• 1535: over 300 people in Giggleswick in Yorkshire pulled down hedges and dykes

• 1536: wealthy join fighting

• robert aske started pilgrimage in East riding of Yorkshire in October

• 10,000 pilgrims forced city to yield peacefully

• government response slow and confused- duke of Norfolk and Shrewsbury sent North to treat with rebels

• 27th October: truce signed, rebels demnds sent to King henry VIII

• all gained full pardons

• Jan 1537: Bigiods rising in East of Riding

• Henry declares martial law, leading pilgrims rounded up and 178 executed (Aske,Hussey and Darcey)

for- religion was a major threat

• rioting in 1535: over 300 people in Giggleswick in Yorkshire pulled down hedges and Dykes, progressively grew in numbers

• 1536: wealthy also joined the same side as the lower orders because of their concers over the tax changes

• lincolnshire rising: led by gentry (10,000 men)- produced banner with 5 wounds of christ

• 10,000 pilgrims in Yorkshire gained support

• pilgrims in other major areas in North: Yorkshire, Dirham, Northumberland, Westmoreland

• royal army had 8,000 men, rebels had 30,000 men at Doncaster Bridge - forced to have a truce, rebels had enough men to defeat royal army

• had gentry and aristocracy in leadership

against- religion wasnt a major threat

• it could be argued that it was an rebellion fueled by the economic causes because of the rumour of additional taxation- balance: subsidy was relatively small and affected few people however many rebels argued that they could not afford it

• rebels didnt want to unseat henry from crown

dynastic

simnel rebellion (1487- H7)

course of rebellion

• Simenel claims he is Richard, Duke of York, missing son of Edward IV, was taken to ireland and gains Yorkist support

• later proclaims to be earl of warwick (present in tower of london at time of disappearance of Edward IV sons)

• gains support from Yorkist lods like Earl of Kildare

• john de la pole gains support from margaret of burgandy

• May 1487: simnel arrival in ireland- start of invasion in England

• tried to gain support in Lancaster and North (little support)

• rebels defeated at East stoke by Henry

Henry response

• licoln and yorkist leaders killed

• simnel spared and given work in kitchens

• had elizabeth crowned queen in november

For- dynastic wasnt a major threat

• simnel gained little support in England

• Henry produced real earl fo warwick diminishing Yorkists claims

• rebels easily defeated at East stoke

• satisfied yorkists by marrying Elizabeth

• Irish forces lacked body-armour and suffered losses/ irish nobility did not accompany army - were easy to defeat

• many earls didnt support rebellion because they prefered stability and order (unwilling to risk property and lives)

• Henry able to gain enough support to defeat rebels/ reacted swiftly

Against- dynastic was threat

• had foreign support offered by Maragret of Burgundy (2,000 soldiers) and was led by experienced martin schwartz/ burgundy more rich and powerful than England

• support from earls: Earl of lincoln (john de pole) and earl of kildare

• Earl of northumberland (percy) did nothimg to stop rebels- was first line of defence

• irish support helped signifigantly because it provided a base (geographically and politically remote)- Henry did not have military strength to directly interfere in ireland

• Henry continued to trust de la pole and allowed him to go free increasing threat- ran away to burgundy

• henry forced to pardon Kildare