Entomology: Scioly 26'

Protura Telson-tails; ametabolous, wingless soil dwellers
Diplura Diplurans; small, eyeless, ametabolous insects with two cerci
Collembola Springtails; ametabolous, jump with furcula, live in soil or leaf litter
Zygentoma Silverfish/firebrats; wingless, flattened, ametabolous, nocturnal

Ephemeroptera Mayflies; hemimetabolous, aquatic nymphs, short-lived adults, triangular wings
Odonata Dragonflies and damselflies; hemimetabolous, aquatic nymphs with extendable jaws
Blattodea Cockroaches and termites; hemimetabolous, chewing mouthparts, social in termites
Mantodea Mantids; hemimetabolous, raptorial front legs, predatory
Embioptera Webspinners; hemimetabolous, spin silk from forelegs, live in colonies
Dermaptera Earwigs; hemimetabolous, pincer-like cerci, short forewings
Plecoptera Stoneflies; hemimetabolous, aquatic nymphs, two long cerci
Orthoptera Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids; hemimetabolous, jumping hind legs, stridulation
Phasmatodea Walking sticks; hemimetabolous, leaf/stick mimicry, herbivorous
Psocoptera Booklice and barklice; hemimetabolous, small scavengers
Thysanoptera Thrips; hemimetabolous, fringed wings, plant feeders
Hemiptera True bugs; hemimetabolous, piercing-sucking mouthparts, half-leathery wings

Megaloptera Dobsonflies, alderflies; holometabolous, aquatic larvae with large mandibles
Neuroptera Lacewings, antlions; holometabolous, predatory larvae, net-veined wings
Coleoptera Beetles; holometabolous, elytra (hardened forewings), chewing mouthparts
Strepsiptera Twisted-wing parasites; holometabolous, parasites of other insects
Mecoptera Scorpionflies; holometabolous, elongated face, some male tails resemble scorpion stingers
Raphidioptera Snakeflies; holometabolous, long neck-like thorax, predatory
Siphonaptera Fleas; holometabolous, wingless, jumping parasites
Diptera True flies; holometabolous, one pair of wings + halteres, sponging or piercing mouthparts
Trichoptera Caddisflies; holometabolous, aquatic larvae build cases, adults resemble moths
Lepidoptera Butterflies and moths; holometabolous, scaled wings, siphoning proboscis
Hymenoptera Ants, bees, wasps; holometabolous, narrow waist, social behavior

Acari Ticks and mites; subclass of arachnids, eight legs, parasitic or free-living

Ametabolous No metamorphosis; immature looks like small adult (e.g. silverfish)
Hemimetabolous Incomplete metamorphosis: egg → nymph → adult (e.g. grasshopper)
Holometabolous Complete metamorphosis: egg → larva → pupa → adult (e.g. beetle)

Apterygota Wingless insects; ametabolous development
Pterygota Winged insects; include exopterygotes and endopterygotes
Exopterygote Wings develop externally on nymph (incomplete metamorphosis)
Endopterygote Wings develop internally during larval stages (complete metamorphosis)

Head Contains antennae, eyes, and mouthparts
Thorax Three segments, each with a pair of legs; wings attach here
Abdomen Contains digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs
Antennae Sensory organs for smell and touch
Compound Eyes Detect movement and color; made of ommatidia
Ocelli Simple eyes that detect light intensity
Mandibles Chewing mouthparts
Proboscis Tubular mouthpart for sucking nectar (butterflies)
Piercing-sucking mouthparts Used by mosquitoes, aphids, and true bugs

Beneficial Insects Pollinators, decomposers, pest control, honey/silk producers
Pest Insects Crop damage, stored food pests, disease carriers
Disease Vectors Mosquitoes (malaria, dengue), fleas (plague), lice (typhus)

Dichotomous Key Identification tool using paired contrasting statements about traits
Exoskeleton Hard chitinous outer covering providing protection and support
Metamorphosis Developmental process involving structural change across life stages