MicroBIO

Flashcard 1
Q: Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A: production of antibody

Flashcard 2
Q: Normal microbiota protect against infection in all ways EXCEPT:
A: they produce lysozyme

Flashcard 3
Q: Macrophages arise from which of the following?
A: monocytes

Flashcard 4
Q: Which exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?
A: macrophages

Flashcard 5
Q: All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT:
A: fever

Flashcard 6
Q: What defense mechanism eliminates microbes in a deep cut?
A: phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Flashcard 7
Q: Fever is NOT characterized by:
A: accelerating microbial growth by increasing iron absorption

Flashcard 8
Q: Complement activation effects include all EXCEPT:
A: interference with viral replication

Flashcard 9
Q: ID50 measures:
A: the dose that will cause infection in 50% of the test population

Flashcard 10
Q: How do most pathogens gain access through the skin?
A: enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts.

Flashcard 11
Q: Most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens?
A: mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

Flashcard 12
Q: Pathogens avoid phagocytosis by all EXCEPT:
A: producing superantigens

Flashcard 13
Q: Best description of direct damage by a pathogen?
A: host cells destroyed when pathogens metabolize and multiply

Flashcard 14
Q: Which bacteria does NOT release endotoxin?
A: Clostridium botulinum

Flashcard 15
Q: Cause of food poisoning at the picnic?
A: staphylococcal enterotoxin

Flashcard 16
Q: Lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence by:
A: giving new gene sequences to host bacteria

Flashcard 17
Q: Which organism does NOT produce exotoxins?
A: Salmonella typhi

Flashcard 18
Q: Botulism can easily be prevented by:
A: boiling food prior to consumption

Flashcard 19
Q: Endotoxins are part of:
A: the gram-negative cell wall

Flashcard 20
Q: Which antibody indicates a current infection?
A: IgM

Flashcard 21
Q: Which areas represent antigen-binding sites?
A: a and b

Flashcard 22
Q: Best definition of an antigen?
A: a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies

Flashcard 23
Q: Most abundant antibody class in serum?
A: IgG

Flashcard 24
Q: Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are:
A: IgM

Flashcard 25
Q: In addition to IgG, which antibody can fix complement?
A: IgM

Flashcard 26
Q: Antibodies found only on B cell surfaces are:
A: IgD

Flashcard 27
Q: Antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears?
A: IgA

Flashcard 28
Q: Best definition of an epitope?
A: specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies

Flashcard 29
Q: Plasma cells are activated by:
A: antigen

Flashcard 30
Q: When an antibody binds to a toxin, the result is:
A: neutralization

Flashcard 31
Q: Which destroys virus-infected cells?
A: CTL

Flashcard 32
Q: Which is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?
A: B cells make antibodies

Flashcard 33
Q: What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?
A: naturally acquired active immunity

Flashcard 34
Q: Desensitization involves injection of:
A: antigens

Flashcard 35
Q: All are type I hypersensitivity examples EXCEPT:
A: transplant rejections

Flashcard 36
Q: Anaphylaxis occurs when antigens combine with:
A: IgE antibodies

Flashcard 37
Q: Hemolytic disease of the newborn results from:
A: Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus

Flashcard 38
Q: Which blood transfusions are incompatible?
A: 2, 3, and 5

Flashcard 39
Q: Which statement about type I reactions is FALSE?
A: They involve helper T cells

Flashcard 40
Q: Chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are found in:
A: basophils and mast cells