Cell Transduction

How signals get into the cell…

Signals start from the outside and move towards to the inside of the cell via

  1. Transmit signal into cells

   

  1. direct permeability
  2. gated channels
  3. __Transmembrane Receptor (__focus of this lesson)

       1. change of receptor shape nothing goes through

  1. Amplify signal
  2. Integrate other signals
  3. Distribute signals
  4. Output

There are two different responses after a cell is transduced. it can change

  • it can alter protein function (fast)
  • transcription & translation → protein function (slow)

There are 3 diff signal transducers

  • G-protein coupled receptors
  • Enzymes linked receptors
  • Ion channel receptors
  • Nuclear receptors

G-protein coupled receptors

GPCR acts as a GEF for alpha subunit (GTPase) of trimeric G-protein Parts of complex have different activities Alpha subunit is activated Beta/gamma subunit separate and become active Alpha and beta/gamma alter effector proteins GPCR can activate more G-proteins