infant reflexes

Flexor withdrawal – Stimulus is noxious cutaneous input to plantar surface of foot, Response is Flexion of LE, onset 28 wk gestation, integration 1-2 months

Crossed extension – Stimulus is one leg is held extended and plantar surface of foot is rubbed, Response is “free” leg flexes then extends with toes fanned, then adducts toward stimulated side, onset 28 wks gestation, integration 1-2 months

Suck–swallow – stimulus is touch roof of mouth, response is sucking, onset 28 wks gestation, integration 2-5 months

Rooting – stimulus is stroke cheek or mouth, response is turns head towards stimulus and opens mouth, onset is 28 wks gestation, integration 4-6 months

Moro (startle) – stimulus let the child fall slightly backwards quickly, response abducts both UE then relaxes, onset 28 wks gestation, integration 5-6 months

Plantar grasp – stimulus is touch plantar surface of foot near toes, response is toes flex, onset 28 wks gestation, integration 9 months

Galant – stimulus held prone, stroke one side of spine from thorax to sacrum, response is curve spine/hip towards stimulus, onset is birth, integration 3-9 months

Positive support – stimulus is held upright, feet touch surface, response is rigid extension of LE, onset is birth, integration is 6 months

Stepping – stimulus is held upright, feet touch surface, response is reciprocal “walking” motion, onset is birth, integration is 1-2 months

Asymmetric tonic neck (ATN) - stimulus is head turn, response is flexion of limbs on skull side, extension of face side (fencer’s pose), onset is birth, integration is 4-6 months

Palmar grasp – stimulus is touch palm, response is finger flex, onset birth, integration 4-6 months

Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) – stimulus neck flex (response extremities flex) or neck extends (response extremities extend), onset birth, integration 6 months

Symmetric tonic neck (STN) – stimulus head/neck flexion (response UEs flex/legs extend) or head/neck extension (response UE extend, legs flex), onset 4-6 months, integration 8-12 months