AP HUGE Review at UNCC Apr 26 AI Recorded Notes

Definition: Corporations headquartered in a more developed country (MDC), often in the U.S., with manufacturing facilities worldwide.
Key Driver for Relocation: The primary reason for relocating manufacturing facilities is labor cost.
Other Incentives: Includes tax breaks and cheap land.
Economic Investment: TNCs significantly impact the economies of developing countries by investing in infrastructure, which these countries may not afford otherwise.

Explanation: Wallerstein's world systems theory posits that countries develop through globalization, relying on foreign direct investments from TNCs to fund and improve infrastructure and services.
Economic Advancement: Despite low wages, jobs provided by TNCs enable local workers in developing countries to improve their living standards over generations (e.g., ability to send children to school).

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement): Facilitates trade between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico without trade barriers like tariffs, promoting economic cooperation.
European Union (EU): Similar in benefits — removal of tariffs allows for competitive pricing and consumer choice.
Economic Benefits: Jobs created, development of other industries, increased exports contributing to GDP growth and stronger trade relationships.

Pop Culture Expansion: Globalization can lead to the spread of pop culture, which may threaten indigenous cultures, a concept related to assimilation.
Generational Tensions: Different generations may clash over technology use or cultural practices.

Outsourcing: Hiring external entities to perform specific business functions (e.g., Verizon hiring another company for call center operations).
Offshoring: A form of outsourcing where services are moved to another country. Often done in places like India due to a skilled workforce and English proficiency.
Domestic Outsourcing: Can occur within the U.S., often in rural areas where labor costs are lower.

Definition: Manufacturing plants in Mexico that benefit from cheaper labor but result in job losses in the U.S.
Concerns: Economic implications for both nations' labor markets.

Time-Space Compression: Advances from the Industrial Revolution improving shipping and communication speeds.
Agglomeration: Businesses clustering together, resulting in economic growth due to shared labor pools and resources (e.g., Silicon Valley, Research Triangle Park).
Negative Effects: Rising costs in agglomerated areas, potentially driving companies to relocate due to high rents.

Concept: Disparities often observed where capital cities in LDCs (Less Developed Countries) are well developed while rural areas remain underdeveloped.
Example: The Hunger Games analogy, where a wealthy center contrasts with impoverished districts surrounding it.

Internal Migration: Movement within a country (e.g., from Rust Belt to Sun Belt in the U.S.).
International Migration: Movement from LDCs to MDCs, often due to unstable political situations, seeking better opportunities.
Demographic Trends: Younger individuals tend to migrate more than older populations.
Political and Economic Impacts: Migration affects both the host country and countries of origin; understanding the pro and con dynamics is essential for examination purposes.