Defintions

Potential difference

the energy required to move one coulomb of charge between two points in a circuit

Ohms law

current strength is directly proportional to the potential difference between the ends of a resistor as long as temperature remains constant

Isotopes

atoms of the same element with the same atomic mass number but different mass numbers

Hunds rule

every orbital is occupied before an orbital is doubly occupied and all electrons in a signally occupied orbital have the same spin

Pauli’s exclusion principle

no two electrons in the same orbital can have the same spin

Ionization energy

energy require to completely remove an electron from a gaseous to form a cation

Electron affinity

the energy change when an electron is added to a gaseous atom to form an anion

Electron negativity

the ability for an atom in a compound to attract bonding electron pairs

Brownian motion

the constant rapid and irregular motion of particles

Atom

the smallest building block of matter

Physical change

a change where a subject retains it’s identity while changing only it’s form or state without changing its composition or forming a new product

Chemical change

a change where a substance loses it’s identity to form a completely new product by changing its composition

Compound

a substance that is made from two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio

Current

the flow of charge from one point to another in a circuit

Mole

The amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in 1/12 of a carbon particle

EMF

energy supplied by battery per coloumb of charge

Electrical Circuit

the rate of flow of charge

Gravitational potential energy

energy an object has due to its position relative to the refernce point

kinetic energy

the energy an object has as a result of an objects motion

mechanical energy

sum of the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy at a point

law of conservation of energy

the total energy in a system cannot be created or destroyed; only transferred from one for to another

the principle of conservation of mechanical energy

in the absence of air resistance or any external forces, the mechanical energy of an object is constant

vector

a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction

scalar

a phyical quantity that has magnitude only

displacement

magnitude and direction of straight line distances from starting point to end point of motion

distance

magnitude of the actual distance covered by a moving object from the starting point to t he finishing point