Ap Gov Final

  1. Democracy - a system of gov where power is held by the people

  2. Natural Rights - right life liberty and property gov cant take away

  3. Republicanism - participatory rights & focus on common good

  4. Dec of Independence - Thomas Jeff. preamble, citizens rights, list of grievances, statement of separation - reflects political culture

  5. Participatory Democracy - theory widespread political participation essential for democratic gon

  6. Elfist Democracy - theory elites have disappropriate amount of influence in policy making

  7. Articles - intentionally made weak due to tyranny

  8. Shays' Rebellion - showed weakness of artices - convinced Washington return to public life - out of retirement - leads to rev

  9. Declaration of incependence - reflects basic American poitical culture

  10. constitution - framework for nationa gov

  11. Ex Post Facto Laws - laws punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed

  12. New Jersey Plan - small state plan - each state equal #reps - unicameral

  13. 3/5 Compromise - slave would count 3/5 of person - rep in the house

  14. Judicial Review - power SC to overturn law or executive action violating constitution - Marbury v Madison

  15. Fed 51. - James Madison - argues checks & balances - sep of power = prevent tyranny

  16. Fed 10. - James Madison - argues danger of faction - can be mitigated by large republic & rep gov

  17. Brutus I. - Anti Fed paper - 1 country too large governed as republic 2. const. gave too much power to national gov

  18. Federalism - divides power between national gov a state gov

  19. Enumerated (expressed) powers - explicitly granted - they can do this - raising an army 

  20. Implied Powers - not specifically granted but considered nec to carry out - arafting soldiers

  21. Basics of Fed in America - loth amend reserved states rights & concurrent powers shared by state a fed gov

  22. MCCuloch v Marland - 2nd Bank of us - debate about its constitutionality - court cited nec & proper clause

  23. FDR - depression - asked for board of exec power to wage war against emergency - knew states diant have resources to face crisis - cooperative federalism

  24. Categorical Grants - grants in aid - specific - have to be used in this...

  25. unfunded Mandates - fed requirements states must follow wo funds provided

  26. US v Lopez - commerce clause - was not - loth amena fea sustem - reverse trend toward expanding nat power

  27. Power of Congress - L Lawmaking 2. Budgeting 3. Oversight

  28. Oversight - ensuring laws are implemented as intended - overseeing

  29. Gerrymandering - intentional use of redistricting to benefit specific - draw lines funny shape

  30. Baker v Carr - SC of TN made them redraw congressional district boungaries - one person one vote

  31. Speaker of House - most powerful in cong - decides whos in what palace

  32. Bill Becomes Law - L Intro 2. Referral to committee 3. Floor consideration 4.
    Resolution 5. Pres action

  33. House Rules Committee - determines when bill will be subject to rebate - how long debates gonna last - vote on house floor - whether amend are allowed on floor

  34. 22na Amena - limit pres to 2 terms - not exceea 10 vrs

  35. Fea To. - Aexander Hamition - having more than I exec decreases ability to protect nation a weakens ability

  36. Making Treaties - shared power - congress i pres - pres makes senate has to ratify - 2/3 vote

  37. Executive Agreement - agreement between pres + another nation - not the same aurability as treaty or require senate ratification

  38. Bargaining & Persuasion - special - to congress to persuade them to their side of an issue

  39. US Pres - ability to act ist a act alone - w/o consent of congress

  40. Fed 78. - Alexander Hamition - independent judiciary - Fed judge = lifetime
    appointment - jud is least powerful branch. cant enforce their decision

  41. Original Jurisdiction - authority to hear case ist - find facts & decide case

  42. Appellate jurisdiction - authority to review decision of lower court - overturn or revise decision

  43. Fed Judges - lifetime appointments - pres long influence even when term is over - long after

  44. Marbury v Madison - est. principle of judicial review - right to strike down law or executive action if conflicts w const. - midnight juages

  45. lth Amend - right to speedy public trial - impartial jury in criminal cases 

  46. Judicial Restraint - justices should be cautious overturning laws

  47. Judicial Activism - should wield power of judicial review - bold new policies

  48. Fed Bureaucracy - departments & agencies in exec branch - carry out laws of nation

  49. Bureaucrat - official employed within gor bureaucracy - DHS

  50. Poitical Patronage (spoils system) - reward for support rather than merit

  51. Pendleton Act 1883 - hiring & promoting based off tests, education, a other qualifications rather than politics a personal connections

  52. Iron Triangle - bureaucracy, congress, interest groups - iron - stay in place

  53. Agency Capture - Individuals may undermine effect = active regs if their
    own interest are more aligned with those being reg rather than mission of agency

  54. Civil Libs - rights a freedoms cant be taken away 

  55. Civil Rights - gov protection of indiv from discrim as a particular group

  56. James Madison Address - Fed 84. Including ath amend citizens have rights in addition to those listed in Bill of Rights

  57. Gitlow v New York 1925 - Selective incorporation

  58. McDonala v Chicago 2010 - 2nd amend; right to bear arms - znd amend is no less important than the other amends

  59. Lawrence v Texas 2003 & Roe v Wade - expanded right to privacy

  60. Americans w Disablities Act - are not discriminated against in workplace - improved access

  61. Drea Scott v Sannfora 1857 - other former slaves or relatives were not citizens of the us

  62. Equal protection clause - Ath amend

  63. Plessy v Ferguson 1896 - separate but equal

  64. Ist wave womans rights movement - 1800s - right to vote

  65. 2nd wave womans rights movement - 1896 - inequities work a home

  66. Title 9 - no person be excluded from participation in ed programs - female participation in hs sports