Chemistry - Chapter 9

Chapter 09: Chemical Names and Formulas

Page 1: Naming Ions

• Cations: Positively charged atoms

  • Group 1A Charge: +1 (H, Li, Na, K,...)

  • Group 2A Charge: +2 (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr,...)

  • Group 3A Charge: +3 (B, Al,...)

  • Naming Cations: Named the same as the parent element.

Page 2: Anions

• Anions: Negatively charged ions from gaining electrons

  • Group 5A Charge: -3 (N, P, As)

  • Group 6A Charge: -2 (O, S, Se)

  • Group 7A Charge: -1 (F, Cl, Br, I)

  • Naming Anions: Drop the last part of the element's name and add –ide.

Page 3: Other Metals and Multi-charged Ions

• Metals with Multiple Charges: Some can lose different numbers of electrons

  • Charge Determination: Based on the number of electrons lost and the cation's relation to the anion.

  • Stock System: Uses Roman numerals in parentheses after the metal to denote charge.

Page 4: Naming Specific Ions

• Fe2+ (Iron Ion): Iron(II)

• Fe3+: Iron(III)

• Pb2+ (Lead Ion): Lead(II)

• Pb4+: Lead(IV)

Page 5: Transition Metals

• Transition Metals with One Charge:

  • Silver: +1

  • Cadmium: +2

  • Zinc: +2

• Note: These metals do not use Roman numerals.

Page 6: Polyatomic Ions

• Definition: Consists of more than one atom but behaves as a single charged unit.

• Nomenclature: Most names end in –ite or –ate

  • Difference: -ite has one less oxygen than -ate.

Page 7: List of Common Polyatomic Ions to Memorize

• NH4+: Ammonium

• NO2-: Nitrite

• OH-: Hydroxide

• H3O+: Hydronium

• NO3-: Nitrate

• PO4^3-: Phosphate

• SO3^2-: Sulfite

• SO4^2-: Sulfate

• ClO-: Hypochlorite

• ClO2-: Chlorite

• ClO3-: Chlorate

• CO3^2-: Carbonate

• CN-: Cyanide

• CrO4^2-: Chromate

• Cr2O7^2-: Dichromate

• C2H3O2-: Acetate

• ClO4-: Perchlorate

• MnO4-: Permanganate

• O2^2-: Peroxide