International and Intergovernmental Organizations

Specialized Agencies and Programs of the United Nations

• International Labour Organization (ILO)
  • The organization concerns itself with labor affairs.
  • The headquarters is based in Geneva, Switzerland.
• World Health Organization (WHO)
  • Established in the year $1948$.
  • Its primary function is to help control diseases.
  • The agency is based in Geneva.
• Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
  • Aims include curbing famine across the world.
  • It provides new techniques for food processing and agriculture.
• United Nations Education Science and Cultural Cultures Organization (UNESCO)
  • This organization was set up in $1946$.
• United Nation Children's Fund (UNICEF)
  • The organization focuses on child children's affairs and rights.
  • The transcript identifies its base as being in Paris.
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
  • This organization concerns itself with money affairs.
  • It is based in Washington.
• United Nations Development Program (UNPD)
  • Concerns itself with various development projects.
  • The headquarters is located in New York City.
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refuge (UNCHR)
  • It protects refugees.
  • It manages the World Fund on refugee development.
  • The organization is described as being based in general problems.

Challenges and Achievements of the United Nations

• Problems Facing the UN
  • Financial concerns regarding membership dues: Some members do not pay their duties.
  • Variable funding: The contribution provided by some members is very small.
  • Lack of military force: The organization has no army.
• Achievements of the UN
  • Successfully solved many international disputes.
  • Worked toward the full independence of all countries of the worldview.
  • Engagement in humanitarian actions.
  • Advocacy for the equality of rights.
  • Support for democracy.
  • The implementation of voluntary programs.

The Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC)

• Overview and Establishment
  • The OIC is an intergovernmental organization.
  • It includes a total of $56$ states.
  • Member states decided to combine their resources and efforts together.
  • It was established in Rabat, Morocco, in the year $1969$.
  • The headquarters is identified as being in Rabat, Morocco.
• Aims of the OIC
  • To strengthen Islamic solidarity.
  • To promote cooperation on political matters.
  • To protect relevant holy places.
  • To support the struggle of Muslim people.
• Branches of the OIC
  • The conference of the king and the state head.
  • The conference of foreigners ministers.
  • The General Secretariat.

The Arab League

• Establishment and Membership
  • The league was formed on $03/22/1945$.
  • It was established by seven countries: Lebanon, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, Jordan, and Iraq.
  • The headquarters is located in Qar'a, Egypt.
  • The league currently has $22$ members.
• Objectives and Aims
  • To encourage cooperation among the members.
  • To coordinate Arab affairs in several specific fields: Culture, Justice, and Financial Affairs.
• Branches of the Arab League
  • Council for the Secretary Permanente.

The Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the African Union (AU)

• Transition from OAU to AU
  • The Organization of African Unity was one of the major outcomes of the Pan African movement.
  • It aimed to create unity among Africans.
  • It was formed in $1963$ and later named the African Union (AU).
  • The decision to change the name from OAU to AU was made by heads of state in $1999$.
  • The headquarters was selected to be in disabove, Ethiopia, in $1999$.
• Objectives and Organs of the OAU
  • Objectives: To coordinate policies, provide peaceful consistency, and ensure the unity of African countries.
  • Organs: Assembly of the head of the state, a council of ministers, and a general secretary.
• Achievements and Weaknesses of the OAU
  • Achievements: Successfully oversaw the liberation of all African states and supported movements of African people for liberty and independence.
  • Weaknesses: Inability to settle disputes, no legal rights to interfere in internal matters, and specific failures to settle disputes in Congo and Nigeria.
• The Four Summits for AU Implementation
  • CERIT session ($1999$): Held to establish the AU.
  • Lomo Sammutes ($2000$): Adapted the act of the AU.
  • Lusaka Samut ($2001$): Created the road map for the implementation of the AU.
  • Durban Samut ($2002$): Officially launched the AU.
• Organs of the African Union (AU)
  • The Assembly of the Heads of States.
  • The Executive Council.
  • The AU Commission.
  • The Representative Commute.
  • Peace and Security Council.
  • Pan African Parliament.
  • The Court of Justice.
  • Financial Institution.

The Commonwealth of Nations

• Overview and Membership
  • The Commonwealth consists of the British and its former colonies.
  • It was formed in the year $1926$.
  • The headquarters is located in London.
  • Oldest Members: UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
  • Other Noted Members: India, Pakistan, Tanzania, Botswana, Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, and Nigeria.
• Objectives
  • Promote peace and understanding throughout the world.
  • Promote development in developing countries.
  • Encourage cooperation among members.
• Achievements of the Commonwealth
  • The creation of strong trading links among the members.
  • The establishment of scholarships.
  • The creation of exchange programs.
  • The permission and promotion of sports.
  • Provision of foreign aids.

I'm sorry, but I can only provide text-based responses. You might consider using a text-to-speech tool to listen to the notes instead.