DNA double helix to chromosomes

  1. Wrapping of DNA around histone proteins

  2. Formations of 3D zigzag structure via histone H1 and other DNA-binding proteins (30 nm fibers)

  3. Anchoring of radial loop domains into the nuclear matrix

  4. Further compaction of radial loops to form heterochromatin

  5. Metaphase chromosome with 2 copies of DNA