Emplicit and explicit text

Implicit and Explicit Claims

Objectives

  • Identify claims made in a text (explicitly or implicitly).

  • Distinguish between claims of fact, value, and policy.

  • Create a position paper.

Key Points

  1. Claims: Beliefs or assertions that can be argued; must be debatable, specific, interesting, and logical.

  2. Explicit Claims: Clearly stated in the text; easily identifiable.

  3. Implicit Claims: Not directly stated; require inference or clues for understanding.

Types of Claims

  • Claim of Fact

    • Asserts measurable truth or falsity; answers "what" questions.

    • Example: Effects of cyberbullying on children.

  • Claim of Value

    • Evaluates or judges an idea; subjective and based on moral or philosophical standards.

    • Examples: Importance of responsible social media usage; learning other languages.

  • Claim of Policy

    • Proposes actions as solutions to problems; typically answers "how" questions.

    • Examples: Banning smoking in public places; enforcing equal job opportunities.

Defending Claims

  • For Claim of Fact:

    1. State clearly.

    2. Offer definitions for unfamiliar terms.

    3. Provide reliable evidence.

    4. Organize evidence logically.

    5. Reiterate thesis in conclusion.

  • For Claim of Value:

    1. State the principle being promoted.

    2. Present positive effects of adhering to the principle.

    3. Include examples and real-life applications.

    4. Use statistics and expert testimonials.

  • For Claim of Policy:

    1. Clearly articulate the proposal.

    2. State arguments for the solution.

    3. Support with evidence showing potential success.

Characteristics of a Good Claim

  1. Argumentative and Debatable: Open to discussion.

  2. Specific and Focused: Clearly defined.

  3. Interesting and Engaging: Captivates the audience.

  4. Logical: Based on rational thought.

Identifying Claims Exercise

  • Differentiate between claims of fact and not by critically analyzing statements:

    1. "The Department of Education shows its readiness for the ‘new normal’..."

    2. "Curfew must be enforced by parents."

    3. "Vaping can have the same side effects as smoking."

    4. etc.

  • Differentiate between claims of policy and not:

    1. "Anti-Text Scam Bill should be passed..."

    2. "Euthanasia is against the Law of God."

    3. etc.