Social Studies Notes for Grade VIII

Who introduced the Permanent Settlement in Bengal?
- Options:
- a) Lord Wellesley
- b) Lord Hastings
- c) Lord Cornwallis
- d) Warren Hastings
What was the primary aim of the Permanent Settlement?
- Options:
- a) To reduce taxes on farmers
- b) To encourage industrialization
- c) To ensure a fixed revenue for the British
- d) To increase food production
Which system allowed revenue collection directly from the ryots (farmers)?
- Options:
- a) Permanent Settlement
- b) Ryotwari system
- c) Mahalwari system
- d) Zamindari system
What led to the Indigo Rebellion in Bengal?
- Options:
- a) High land taxes
- b) Disputes over zamindari rights
- c) Forced cultivation of indigo by farmers
- d) Decline in food crop prices

The Permanent Settlement was introduced in $1793$ by Lord Cornwallis.
The British forced farmers to grow indigo for dye production.
Under the Mahalwari system, the revenue was collected from the village or the "mahal."
The Ryotwari was introduced in Madras and Bombay presidencies.
The Indigo Rebellion of $1859-60$ began in Bengal.

The Ryotwari system was introduced in Bengal. False
Indigo was in high demand in European markets for dye production. True
The Mahalwari system required zamindars to pay revenue to the British. False
The Permanent Settlement benefited the zamindars more than the farmers. True
Farmers were free to grow crops of their choice under British rule. False

Column A
1. Permanent Settlement
2. Ryotwari System.
3. Mahalwari System.
4. Indigo Rebellion.
5. Lord Cornwallis.
Column B
(a) 1793
(b) Madras and Bombay
(c) Village or mahal
(d) Forced indigo cultivation
(e) Permanent Settlement