New Recording 70

  • Quiz Preparation

    • Begin by learning definitions and multiple-choice answers related to articulation and sounds.

    • Focus on specific examples, such as the distribution of the tongue in the oral cavity below the hard palate.

    • Make sure to review stop consonants before taking Quiz 3.

  • Transcription Practice

    • Continue practicing regular transcriptions, especially focusing on diacritics.

    • Currently practiced diacritic: devoicing (represented by a small circle).

    • More diacritics will be introduced after Quiz 3.

  • Stop Consonants Overview

    • There are six stop consonants categorized into three types: voiceless and voiced.

    • Voiceless examples include:

      • Bilabial stop: 'p'

      • Alveolar stop: 't'

    • Voiced examples include:

      • Alveolar stop: 'd'

      • Bilabial stop: 'b'

  • Textbook Review

    • Use a homework template provided for organizing information throughout the semester.

    • Importance of understanding airflow: blocked during stop consonants.

  • Relative Frequency of Sounds

    • Explains how often certain sounds occur in adult English.

    • For example, the 'p' sound has a relative frequency rank of 16 out of 24 consonants, meaning it is infrequent.

    • The most common consonant sound is 't'.

    • Reminder: vowels such as 'schwa' are frequently used in unstressed syllables.

  • Acoustic Power

    • Understanding how loud consonant sounds are acoustically.

    • 'Theta' (as in 'think') is the weakest sound, and 'p' is five times louder than theta ( ratio of 5:1).

    • Vowel sounds are the strongest acoustically.

  • Articulatory Characteristics

    • Articulation for each sound:

      • Bilabial (p, b): Lips come together, tongue position is not relevant.

      • Alveolar (t, d): Tongue contacts with the alveolar ridge.

      • Velar (k, g): Tongue contacts the soft palate (velum).

  • Allophonic Variations

    • Familiarity with how sounds change in different phonetic environments.

    • An example includes variations in the pronunciation of 't' in words like "butter" or "mitten" where it may become a flap.

  • Distinctive Features

    • Characteristics that differentiate sounds (e.g., voiced or voiceless). For 'p', the distinction is:

      • Voiceless: p (voiced is b)

      • Rules for distinctive features can apply similarly for other consonants.

    • Focus on learning how to categorize sounds in terms of voicing and articulation.

  • Additional Concepts:

    • Homorganic sounds (similar articulatory features, e.g., "p" and "b").

    • Stop consonants are often some of the first sounds children develop, typically by age three.

  • Homework and Study Tips

    • Complete assignments for 'ta', 'da', and 'ka' by Monday, using the templates provided (digital or hard copy submission acceptable).

    • Review notes before quizzes focusing on basic definitions, characteristics, and phonetic names of sounds.

    • Prepare for multiple choice questions regarding articulation and distinctive features.

    • Understand the significance of strong versus weak sounds for clients with hearing impairments in speech therapy contexts.