Properties_of_Exponents - Product & Power Rules - 2

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Properties of Exponents: Product and Power Rules

Core Properties Used
  • Product Rule: When multiplying like bases, add the exponents: aman=am+na^m \cdot a^n = a^{m+n}.   

    • Example 1: 2m22m3=4m52m^2 \cdot 2m^3 = 4m^5   

    • Example 3: 4r32r2=8r1=8r4r^{-3} \cdot 2r^2 = 8r^{-1} = \frac{8}{r}

  • Power of a Power Rule: Multiply exponents when raising a power to another power: (am)n=am×n(a^m)^n = a^{m \times n}.   

    • Example 11: (x2)0=1(x^2)^0 = 1

  • Power of a Product Rule: Distribute the exponent to all factors within the parentheses: (ab)n=anbn(ab)^n = a^n b^n.   

    • Example 14: (4a3)2=16a6(4a^3)^2 = 16a^6   

    • Example 12: (2x2)4=1(2x2)4=116x8(2x^2)^{-4} = \frac{1}{(2x^2)^4} = \frac{1}{16x^8}

  • Zero Exponent Rule: Any non-zero base raised to the power of zero is one: a0=1a^0 = 1.

  • Negative Exponent Rule: To make an exponent positive, move the base to the denominator (or numerator): an=1ana^{-n} = \frac{1}{a^n}.

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Advanced Simplification and Quotient Rules

Quotient Properties
  • Quotient Rule: When dividing like bases, subtract the exponent of the denominator from the exponent of the numerator: aman=amn\frac{a^m}{a^n} = a^{m-n}.   

    • Example 21: r22r3=12r\frac{r^2}{2r^3} = \frac{1}{2r}   

    • Example 25: 3m4m3=3m7=3m7\frac{3m^{-4}}{m^3} = 3m^{-7} = \frac{3}{m^7}

Multivariable Simplification

Expressions are simplified by applying rules to each variable independently and handling numerical coefficients as standard fractions.

  • Example 26: 2x4y4z33x2y3z4=2x23yz7\frac{2x^4 y^{-4} z^{-3}}{3x^2 y^{-3} z^4} = \frac{2x^2}{3yz^7}

  • Example 29: 4m4n3p33m2n2p4=4m2n3p\frac{4m^4 n^3 p^3}{3m^2 n^2 p^4} = \frac{4m^2n}{3p}

  • Example 30: 3x3y1z1x4y0z0=3x7yz\frac{3x^3 y^{-1} z^{-1}}{x^{-4} y^0 z^0} = \frac{3x^7}{yz}

Additional Practice Problems
  1. Simplify the following expression using the product rule: 5a33a45a^33a^4 .

  2. Apply the power of a power rule to find the value of: (x3)2(x^3)^2.

  3. Use the power of a product rule to simplify: (2x2y)3(2x^2y)^3.

  4. Calculate: rac6m52m2rac{6m^5}{2m^2} using the quotient rule.

  5. Simplify using the negative exponent rule: 3x3{3}{x^{-3}} .

  6. Using multivariable simplification, simplify the expression: 4ab22a2b3{4ab^{-2}}{2a^2b^3} .

  7. Evaluate: (3x2y3)0(3x^2y^3)^0.